10) The Structure of Universe with respect to energy only

This page has been updated..... 14th Nov 2006 

If the term universe is generally referring to the visible masses, then there is also an invisible universe of forces or energies, because the universe is made of both mass and energy, and since these two only components are mutually convertible they possesses equal potentials. Mass is the visible body of the universe, while energy is the invisible force that makes the universe alive. If the universe was started with just a mass called Singularity, followed by a colossal bang, then it would be more important to explain where came the colossal energy to make the bang. Traditionally cosmological theories always seemed to refer to the beginning of universe as the beginning of visible mass only, and little or no mention about the origin of energy.... So, where does energy come from? What is its origin? What is energy in the first place? The multimillion dollar question here is like the chicken and egg, only it's mass and energy instead. So of the two which comes first? Or, which can exist alone without the other? Let's take mass for instance. Well, the mass is made of atoms and atoms are made of internal constituents or particles bonded together by atomic force. This means mass requires bonding energy to exist. Then around 1920s to1930s scientists like Carl Anderson and Paul Dirac discovered antiparticles, and reported that when particle and antiparticle collide they will both be annihilated, leaving behind only a shower of Gamma Rays or just pure energy. Besides, vacuum too is a pure energy, but of negative nature. So, pure energy can exist without mass. In that case, if the start of universe was said to be a mass, then why shouldn't it be energy as well? In fact, it's much more likely to be energy than mass, because out of two, only energy can exist alone and cannot be further reduced... 

Don't forget events in nature are always powered by energy. Energy is the boss, because the mass is inert and inactive, only energy is active and initiative. Mass is the body, while energy is life and spirit!.. Although nature is said to have four Forces of Interaction, namely Strong Nuclear force, Weak Interaction force, Electromagnetic force and Gravitation, three of them may be stripped out of existence when mass is converted into pure energy.  So, it appears that all these forces have a common origin, i.e. the electromagnetism, which has dual properties, namely the electrical property and the magnetic property....Why? Well, within each atom of all matters, there are positive and negative electric charges (protons and electrons, and there can be magnetic energy in mass too, like a piece of permanent magnet). Electric charges in motion can induce magnetic moments, whilst magnetism can also induce electricity. Both electric charge and magnetic moment are fundamental properties of elementary atomic mass. They are also the fundamental properties of electromagnetic waves (as the name implies), which pervade the entire cosmic space. Therefore, the duel natures of electricity and magnetism are both fundamental to mass and energy, because they are present in the complete universal realm that contains mass and energy.  Now, if mass may be converted to energy (at the galactic center) and energy may be reduced to only electric charge and magnetic moment, then the most fundamental of nature or the origin of universe has to be electromagnetism or just energy alone. Within this theory we will show that electromagnetic force in waves can reach every part of the universe by mutual interference. We know it expands the universe, but in fact it also unifies the entire universe under its wave transmission, and it regenerates it. The unification of universe will be described in a separate page.     

Let's dig in to see how it happens. Well, all galactic masses contain electric charges (electrons ad protons in all atoms). When electric charges move, or when the electrons are accelerated (or decelerated), they induce magnetic moments at right angles to the charges, but following the Right Hand Rule. Magnetic moments then in turn induce back electric charges, which again induce a second generation magnetic moments in alternating phases (Lenz Law), and so on... The alternating phases of induction and the difference of angles, always following Right Hand Rule between the two energies would cause everything to spin and spiral. This is how a galactic spiral is formed in the first place. Meanwhile, as galactic materials are getting close to each other, their mutual gravitation would pull them to spiral closer towards the center of galaxy in increasing vigor and velocity. Now, it is of the highest importance to find out what goes on at the central region of galaxies.... Well, as the suns, moons, satellites, stones, gases and what not.... all approach the congested galactic center, they obviously must bang into each other, not at once, but in numerous successions because of different distances in their approaching journey. 

Left Fig :- Suns, moons, satellites, stones and what not... must eventually crash with each other 

Now when millions of suns and planets crash in a congested area, the explosions would resemble billions of the greatest atom bombs imaginable. The violence would reduce the masses to their very fundamentals. Yet that's not all!. The momentum of the traveling mixture of mass and energy cannot stop. It would continue to grind everything in that colossal galactic milling machine.  So, at some point in the central region of galaxies there will be a sudden release of all atomic forces, i.e. the Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces, which have previously bounded the atoms together. It should be noted that at this point no Black Hole could conceivably exist at the center of any galaxy, because of two reasons. Firstly, the crushing of masses would turn them into energies, allowing no stars to exist intact (long before they get near the center) to collapse into a Black Hole Singularity. Instead, they must explode and throw masses outwards. Secondly, all masses would be turned into energies only, no mass means no gravitation, and no gravitation means no Gravitational Black Hole. 

The photo on the left is the galaxy M87 of Virgo Cluster, taken by Hubble Space Telescope, showing a strong radiation jet shooting out of the central core at high speed. This is probably due to sudden release of atomic binding Nuclear Force

 At any rate, eventually the galactic center would reach an extremely hot primordial condition where mass is at its minimum and energy at its maximum, then finally even last atoms of mass will be turned into pure energy only. This central area is now hottest and most pressurized spot anywhere in the whole universe, due to continued milling and built up of temperatures. This is the spot where energies are trying to get out, and nothing can get in... This is also all 4 forces of interaction are stripped out of their interactions and are reduced to their true fundamentals....

Theoretically speaking, all limits are reached when spiral motion reaches the central region of galaxies. In fact, if there is any place or any condition that could possibly unify all four Forces of Interaction, this is the only place that could take place.... Meanwhile 4 other fundamental phenomena of nature are taking place within the center of the galactic field:- One phenomenon is that all masses that are converted into energies must escape the galactic force field, in order for more mass to be replenished and converted, and also to account for the where-about or the fate of continuously incoming masses. Secondly, the violence of converting mass to energy cannot destroy the fundamental properties of electricity and magnetism, because the resultant energies that come out of the galaxies are observed to be electromagnetic radiations. Thirdly, in order to pulse the energy flux into a smooth and continuous spectrum of waves, there must be a dynamic force symmetry, which I call "Miracle-12" to do it. This symmetry is formed by spiraling motion and mutual inductions between electric charges and magnetic moments. As electricity contains positive and negative charges, and magnetism comes with attractive and repulsive moments, they rotate in mutual induction of alternating phases at right angles to each other. Automatically they form a colossal force field, which maintains dynamic equilibrium in a symmetry of forces, otherwise the entire galaxy would disintegrate and exist no more!...

As to why this dynamic symmetry forms itself into 12 equal divisions, which I call the Miracle-12, it is because the 12 equal division symmetry can accommodate simultaneously more of the basic symmetries, i.e. the most fundamental symmetry is the simple opposition, which the ancient Chinese called Ying and Yang (my Grand father was an Officer or Mandarin of Ying and Yang of the last imperial dynasty), then the Equilateral Triangle, which is basic but less stable, then the Square or the Cross, which is the most important, most stable and most powerful symmetry of all, because every time a mutual induction between the twins, electricity and magnetism, takes place, it occurs with two polar forces at right angles to each other. Therefore, in all instances of  changing inductive phases there exists an underlying force symmetry in a Cross formation at all times.  Traditionally the Cross represents the power of the sun, as many religions all the way from India, to Middle East and to Roman Europe worshipped it... Besides these symmetries, there are also the Hexagon, which is also a frequently appearing symmetry. All these basic symmetries can be accommodated within the same 12 equal angled symmetry concurrently. It is for this reason that a 12 spiked star of dynamic force field symmetry exists in the heart of every galaxies, because at the heart galaxy, no single externals force can be present to disturb it... (For the same reason there exists a 12 spike symmetry in our solar system, which we call the Zodiac)... O.K. Now the formless energy flux converted from mass and moving in angular speed must pass through this dynamic field symmetry, it is pulsed by the concentrated angular energy divisions of the symmetry into waves. These extremely powerful energy waves will automatically seek an exit where there is least resistance to escape the extremely pressurized galactic center. This is the galactic axis from which energy waves escape into space... See graph  on the left...

On the left is an artist's impression showing burst of energy at both galactic axis, which are areas of least pressure or least resistance  

Before we go further, one thing should be noted. That is energy can only be dispatched in definite units or packs called Quanta, which was discovered by Max Planck in 1900. It is not clear whether the energy quanta cut by the angular divisions of the Miracle-12 already contain electricity and magnetism, or just one of them and the other is induced during motion, because they are observed to be stuck together like a pair of  twins but perpendicular to each other. These quanta or waves of weightless photon energies are the electromagnetic radiation waves emitting through the galactic axis into space as observed. However it is conceivable that these quanta are extremely stretched due to their extreme energy and speed of motion as they pass through the dynamic symmetry before their exit into space. This fact is supported by the knowledge that electromagnetic waves can be stretched (Doppler's Effect), based on which the Red Shift is calculated.. Somewhere after their exit, these stretched quanta of electromagnetic wave would shrink into their normal wavelengths and frequencies depending on how far in the radius of the dynamic symmetry they are cut. However, because of the extreme power of emission, these outgoing propagating twins of electromagnetic waves spread through all universal space, but still retain their original physical twin formation when they exit the galactic axis, i.e., electric and magnetic components are perpendicular to each other, i.e., parallel to the planes of galactic disc, while the direction of wave propagation is perpendicular to both twin components of waves, which is the direction of galactic axis, i.e., perpendicular to the plane of the galactic disc, thus making the electromagnetic wave a transverse propagating wave in sinusoidal waveform. In this formation, all electromagnet waves are observed everywhere (The generation of sinusoidal waveform is demonstrated by generation of common electricity in page #6). 

At any rate, after exit from the galactic center the stretched quanta of electromagnetic waves would shrink to a normal size to maintain their internal balance. These normalized quanta of energies are observed as electromagnetic radiations that can be seen by telescopes coming out of galactic axis (see above above graph). These electromagnetic waves in sinusoidal waveform may be relayed, resonated and amplified, or built up by Constructive Interference, and are powerful enough to reach neighboring galaxies, and far beyond. Now because every galaxy is doing the same, producing waves through the same dynamic symmetry with same wavelengths and frequencies near the galactic center, and spit them out into space. Because there are countless numbers of galaxies in the universe, all pointing with their emitting ends, the axis, in every conceivable angle through out the universe, and all are capable of interference, they combine into one homogeneous energy field through out the universe, vibrating and propagating in every spatial corner and realm. That's why everywhere transverse sinusoidal electromagnetic waves are measured. The strength and universal formation of propagating electromagnetic radiation in space, as described, support my deduction that all local production of electromagnetic energy are dominated by the same galactic emission to adopt the same formation. 

For instance, when one strikes a match, the match chemicals produce equivalent heated energies, but there is no means to turn themselves into a spectrum and traveling at the speed of light to reach the human retina. It is the vibrating and propagating waves existing in that locality, which blend or absorbs the energies of the match into their wave formation and carry them in propagation instantaneously. Similarly a News broadcasting station may design a certain frequency and use the cosmic electromagnetic waves to propagate and convey their own waves half way across earth. These waves may also be amplified by your own receiver. The above explains also why everywhere electromagnetic are observed to have the twins of electricity and magnetism perpendicular to each other, and yet their direction of propagation is also perpendicular to the twins..  (Please read more about it in the page "#6 Where and how are cosmic waves (electromagnetic) created?". This also explains  how and where electromagnetic waves are created...

Electromagnetic waves cover the entire space between galaxies, causing the "expanding" or the "accelerating" universe, because each galaxy emit its own radiation, which is plenty strong to reach its next door neighbour and far beyond. Such radiations all have the same characteristics because they are produced by the same dynamic symmetry, which has a dead end at its center. In short, they resonate and combine together by interference to reach every mass wherever they are, including every mass in the universal portions and affect all masses and motions in the cosmos. This is illustrated by the fact that earth bound telescope can observe objects at the maximum limits of vision, i.e., the distance of Hubble Radius. Therefore, every mass in the universe is bathed or suspended in the sea of electromagnetic waves. The shortest wavelength has the highest photon energy in the universe, which is by far stronger than penetrating energy of X-Rays or Gamma Rays. Such ultra short and strong waves would cause the elasticity of force particles (such as Gluons) of the Strong and the Weak nuclear forces in the atomic mass to react, producing corresponding wave vibrations of their own. 

The Weak nuclear force, being weaker, would release some radiations in correspondingly high frequencies, unaffected by other lower frequency waves around. Such release of radiation are responsible for the very accurate rates of radioactive decay, called "Half Life" in different material, e.g. 5730 years for Carbon-14 and 4.5 billion years for Uranium-238, etc., etc... The steady rates of radioactive decays of different materials are used for estimating the age for ancient animal bones or age of earth rocks, etc..  Meanwhile, the Gluons of the Baryon within the Strong Nuclear Force group would also vibrate in response to the pulses of ultrahigh frequency cosmic electromagnetic radiation, producing gravitational waves. I have postulate this hypothesis because the Gluons belonging to Strong Force is the only group of forces that have the properties of attraction, but without electric charge. Also because the Strong Force is by far the strongest binding force within the atom, if the Gluon's elasticity is forced to vibrate by the strongest Extreme Galactic Rays (or EGR. click to read Definition of EGR) at extremely high frequency, a resultant wave may be produced proportional to the mass with property of attraction, which resembles the property of gravitational waves. Besides, when the strongest Cosmic Ray's vibrations (stronger than Gamma Rays) hit the mass, it's reasonable to predict that they would induce secondary vibrations with some component forces of the mass. At any rate, there is no other elementary components within the atom that carry more appropriate properties (if any, they would have been found already), but of course all these postulates above require further experimental proof....          

This also means that electric and magnetic energies contained within masses entering galaxies, now come out as electromagnetic waves. These duel properties of nature are in fact not destructible, even by the violence at the center of galaxy. The universe is not only an electromagnetic universe, but electric charge and magnetic moment are the last and most fundamental constituents of  the universe. It boils down to the fact that although there are four forces of Interaction, i.e. Strong and Weak Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force and Gravitational Force, the former two have the properties, which unify matters, and the later two cause the universe to expand and contract, therefore they move matters. One group is active inside the mass, and the other outside mass. These two groups themselves form a polar symmetry. Meanwhile, in the cosmic spatial realm, electromagnetic waves and gravitational waves also act as partners in regional expansion and contraction. Together with the positive and negative poles of electric energies as well as the attraction and repulsion poles of magnetic energies, the universe can never come to a stand still. In fact, these forces could never be physically unified as one. They remain always discrete and separate. It's a waste of time trying to unify electricity and magnetism, or forces of Ying and Yang, which would take the life out of the universe.   

So in summing up, it is interesting to note that nature's forces seem to consists of two opposite pairs, the separating (or emissive) energies and the unifying (or cohesive) energies. They too are parts of a fundamental symmetry (action and reaction). In fact, nature is made of pairs of poles existing both as pure energies or as material structures, e.g. mass and energy, male and female, positive and negative, Yin and Yang, left and right and lots more! All of them are symmetrical. And behind everything there is the most miraculous dynamic field symmetry at work, namely the Miracle-12. Because symmetry is not only the sole mechanism in the universe that can automatically align and realign orders and balance, it is the only root of evolution and regeneration. In fact, the function of symmetry is the most ancient stem of intelligence in nature. It follows that if human is the intelligent physical being of the universe, then there must be plenty of equally intelligent creatures somewhere in the universe. Judging from the few short thousand years of human civilization, there must be creatures infinitely more advanced than us.  Because the 12 division symmetry simultaneously accommodates all the fundamental symmetries. It combines and incorporates all the basic symmetries to form a resultant symmetry that represents motions and life. This field symmetry cannot change, because there is no external influence at the galactic center strong enough to distort it. As it contains energy of choice and decision making capacity, and it maintains universal stability. So, it works like a miracle. In fact, it is the sensing organ or mechanism that is the soul of the universe! I can't think of a more appropriate name than the "Miracle-12". There is a similar miracle at work just above our head, which we call Tropical Zodiac...

This means that with the availability of mass, energy and mechanism of choice, nature has all the fundamental design to interact and evolve. What's more, as symmetries cannot be physically unified, nature's dynamic evolution cannot be stopped. It can only evolve and regenerate! The fact that laws of nature have evolved to such complexity and consistency predicts that the existence of the universe must be eternal. Therefore although all things are changing, their sum total must be theoretically conserved, otherwise, evolution, regeneration, along with all laws and orders would disintegrate. This also leads us to project that the universe must be a "closed" or "near closed" system, at least functionally closed, or nearly closed (Nearly closed means it is practically closed, but the minute difference cannot be detected. For instance, if nature happens to grow one force particle per billion years, in the end, because of its eternal existence, the universe would still become what it is today). Perhaps someday our science would be able to detect the tiny difference (read more in Contents Page # 20) The Regenerating Universe, or the Accelerating Universe, in a nutshell.). At the moment the human is just like an ant living in a rain forest, unable to predict and visualize how big is planet earth. It is also the reason for us to predict that the observable universe must be just a tiny part of the whole, and that "portions" of universe should be the sole rational structure.     

In the cosmological scale, our visible nature has four layers of physical mass, namely satellites, planets, suns and galaxies.  Nature has also four kinds of basic energies, namely, Strong Force, Weak Force, Electromagnetic Force and Gravity. However. In fact, nature has further four levels of motivating metaphysical energies, which are equally vital to the existence of the universe as well as to the regenerations in nature. These energies are also often referred to as powers. These are namely the Will Power, the Spiritual Power, the Mental Power and the Physical Power. They may be expressed as follows :-

> Physical > Mental > Spiritual > Will > Spiritual > Mental > Physical >  

These 4 levels of energies directly reflect the drama of universal existence. The farther and deeper the layer goes, the more metaphysical it becomes. Thus the farthest layer reflects the most concentrated Will power, which governs and perpetuate universal existence. It also reflects the perpetual struggle of survival that's going on around us. These four levels of physical and metaphysical powers are clearly distinguishable and are found to prevail in every existence, no matter whether they are animals, or vegetables, or in the stars themselves. So, it is perfectly normal to analyze metaphysics in cosmology, because it is part of the physical energies in the universe, or part of the reality that we all live in.... The Will power reflects the relentless will of nature to exist and to perpetuate existence. This is the energy that empowers the survival of all things, including the universe itself, and are manifested through the Laws of Conservation. The Spiritual power is nature’s function and purpose expressed through dynamic force symmetry. For some strange reasons, nature prefers orders to disorders, as evidenced by evolutionary progress that can be seen everywhere. The Mental power gives the methodology and the laws of nature, so that everything can be predicted and obeyed. Lastly, the Physical power is the engine of execution for all events and all the preparations from the previous stages in the universal drama. 

The higher level directs the lower level to carry out a function accordingly, and each lower level serves its superior level in completing the tasks. In human life all four levels of these energies clearly require fuels and foods for support. Therefore although they are partly physical and partly metaphysical, they are nevertheless part of the physical energies. Therefore they also belong to the discussions under the exact science of physics. Behind all struggles to perpetuate existence lies the fact that the universe does achieve its own perpetual existence. Because mass and energy are all conserved and nothing is lost, nature requires all beings to share the effort, hence we have reached back to the will of survival, which is the priority in all constituents of the universe.. .    

So, the phenomenon of  energy in 4 levels is not only human, they are in fact universal. In the great interactive events of nature, what we perceive happening around us are just the action dramas on the theatrical stage of the universe. Prior and behind the drama there are always reasons and causes. Yes, always!  Behind the reasons there are always purposes, and behind the purpose there is always a will or initiation. Otherwise there would not be any drama at all. … It is of course much simpler for science to concentrate working on the tangible level only, but it would be a pity, even a mistake, if science were to self-impose a limit only on one single level and ignore the rest, because the additional perception of metaphysics can and does lead to additional discoveries, even to save humans from nuclear confrontations. If you don't even think of it, how can you find it? So, how did the universe get started? Was it a big bang Singularity alone? Or was it God? Or, is it a perpetually regenerating universe, which appears to be somewhat like a closed or nearly closed system? We don't have to draw a final conclusion immediately, but we can certainly think of it, because we have already evolved enough not just to believe in something but to be able to think for ourselves as well!...

The human being and human intelligence are not some existences special or high above the universe. He and all his companion existences are all star-dusts or the physical parts of nature. If things such as Will, Purpose, Methods and physical powers are found to exist in human life, then they serve as proof that these things are parts of nature. If the human does not put food into his stomach, all those energies would disappear, similarly if the universe does not convert its own food into power, i.e., mass into energy, all the beautiful things and miracles would not exist. We can trace every wonder to its origin in the universe. The universe is the maker of all things and events, hence the universe is already like God, a mighty super existence that has everything in it.  It's only a matter of time and of evolution or regeneration. In time, someday all the less developed creatures, like the dogs and cats, the horses or the dolphins... would all become just as advanced and intelligent as the humans now!... The discussion about forces are continued in the Contents Page # 15) "More about 4 levels of energies"  

( June 2004, Updated on 7th Dec 2004