25) The Unification of universe.

We start off by examining the basic contents of the universe. The basic contents are Mass and Energy. We know that mass and energy are interchangeable or convertible and that everything in the universe is involved in the interchange, and such interchange is a nonstop continuous and repeatable process. The phenomenon is manifested in the actions from the largest cosmological structure down to the very last mass or energy particle in Quantum physics without exception whatsoever. Hence we have already established that the fundamental nature and function of the universe are a regenerative interplay between mass and energy, despite all other mind bogging complexity of scientific observations. 

Now let’s examine further between mass and energy, which is more likely to be the cause and which is the consequence? We may soon arrive at the decision without too much hesitation that energy is the active motivator and mass is the condensation or product of motivation. So energy appears to precede mass in the origin and in the course of nature’s drama. However, let’s not jump to conclusions, and continue to examine the bases of energy.

Traditionally in science energy is said to consist 4 types, called the Forces of Interaction. They are the Strong Nuclear Force, Weak Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force and Gravitation. Now of all these forces which one is more fundamental? We know that Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces are the forces that bind the particles in the nucleon of atoms, and gravitation depends on the amount of mass. Since the Strong and Weak forces are binding forces, they may be stripped out of their nuclear bondage and become free energy particles, such as “Colours” or “W” and “Z” particles. Meanwhile Gravitation does not exist without mass. There is one place in the universe where all these 3 forces might not exist intact because all masses would have been broken down and converted into energies only. This place is the central region of galaxies.

For obvious reasons, although exactly what happens at the center of galaxy is not known, and cannot be proven in laboratories, we can imagine that galactic masses, e.g. stars and planets, accelerated by angular momentum and the pull of gravitation, spiraling towards galactic center would be crashed to pieces upon contact with each other. They would explode like billions of atom bombs at the congested space before getting even near the galactic center. Then the fractured pieces would be further ground and ground again to become a state of plasma or just a soup of energy ions. This is the spot in the universe where explosive energies coupled with continuous action of grinding, the violence here would top even that of the hypothetical big bang, because big bang explodes only once and could not cause continuous grinding. It’s also understandable that laboratories on earth would find it difficult to directly assimilate such violent conditions either…

Therefore obviously no unit mass cam remain intact at the central region of galaxies. If mass can be converted into energy at all, then this is the spot it would be done. This also means that Strong and Weak nuclear forces are all stripped out of their nuclear bondage. And since there is no mass, from this spot on there is also no gravitation as well. However, although we do not directly understand precisely what goes on at the galactic center (perhaps by indirect means we can), we do observe that what come out of the galaxies are electromagnetic radiations, which can be seen and measured by optical telescopes and radio-telescopes. So the only force out of the 4 forces of Interaction that remains intact at the galactic center is electromagnetic force, but now cut and formed into radiation waves by the angular energy divisions of the magnetic field, which we have coined as the Miracle-12 in this theory (details are described in pages #6 and #8 of this theory. Please click on these numbers to read). 

What this means is that between the interchange of mass and energy in the universe, there exists also one major basic mechanism that regulates the exchange, i.e. the mechanics of dynamic force symmetries. Because where there is force in action, there is also reaction. Actions and reactions are forces in symmetries. So symmetries of forces are also fundamental to nature. Symmetries not only distribute forces, they sustain all dynamic motions  in all structures of energy systems, such as the solar zodiac, or the motions within a galaxy, a solar system or those motion within the atoms. They also crystallize material, like the crystals of minerals, the formations in DNA, all in dynamic balance. We can practically say that the universe is fundamentally made of mass, energy and dynamic symmetries, or made of mass and forces in dynamic symmetries. Forces in symmetries also give orderly distribution of life force and life giving material structures as well as the start of evolution for intelligence in living beings. In fact, they are the forces of life in the universe, and of the universe (details are given in pages #14 and #15. Please click on these numbers to read).     

Electromagnetic radiations consist of a smooth continuous spectrum of photon waves, including the visible light. Each individual wave contains an electric charge stuck together with a magnetic moment at right angles to it, because their motion causes their mutual induction at right angles. Together they escape the galactic center into space through the polar axis where the resistance is the least. They then must propagate in the direction perpendicular to both the waveforms of electric charge and magnetic moment. The emission of these waves is continuous and chained with a progressive range of wavelengths and frequencies, of which the increasingly shorter lengths and higher frequencies are increasingly stronger. 

Also because electromagnetic waves possess the property of interference, which cause them to merge into each other and strengthen their combined propagation into a constant speed, by which they eventually reach into and dominate all the cosmic space in the universe. However, due to the property of interference, they also must in time pulse their waves by constructive interference into a combined, synchronized universal rhythm. This means that there exists a constant and permanent background rhythm not only in one portion of the universe, but also in all portions of universe. This background rhythm remains active regardless of any events happening in each individual portion of the universe.

Note:- RU theory postulates that the universe is consisted of huge regenerating portions. Our portion is so huge that we cannot observe all of it. The reason is that the universe is in dynamic motion, and due to difference in motion and the pull of gravitation, the universe would in time evolve huge regional fluctuations, like clusters of galaxies or large regional developments, which would eventually give rise to different timing in evolution. Because the Regenerating Universe (RU), unlike the Big Bang universe, is repetitive and ageless, such regions or portions of universe would in time regenerate in chains, like a series of small universes. Without such regenerating portions the universe might rupture due to built-up self resonance in vibration (just like a suspension bridge can rupture by self-resonance caused by winds). The postulate of universe in portions helps to explain a great deal of unusual and unexplained phenomena in cosmology, such as missing dark mass, or stars older than the universe, and a host of other odd phenomena.

As to how energy converted from mass becomes radiation waves emitting out of galactic polar axis, this is explained in details in the page # 6) Where and how are cosmic waves (electromagnetic) created? So I will not repeat it here. However, let me go back a bit to highlight an important characteristic of electromagnetic waves. Since all galaxies produce the same radiation waves, they become homogenized into a permanently propagating or vibrating background rhythm in waves, each wave is slotted into its position (wavelength and frequency) as it travel in unison with other waves. This is an unseen orderly fabric of rhythmic waves vibrating in all vicinities of mass through out the universe. They are also forced to go everywhere, but retaining their shape and stream formation as they come out from the galactic polar axis, namely, mutual inductions between electric charge and magnetic moment are formed in the plane of the galactic disc at right angles to each other, but together the twins exit the galaxy in the direction perpendicular to that plane or to their own twined formation. This is how the formation of propagating electromagnetic waves is always found to be (Lenz Laws and Right Hand Rule). Because all waves are wedged into a vibrating fabric, there is no deviation, nor exceptions. 

Since all these radiations are amalgamated products of all galaxies with progressive range of wavelengths and frequencies, i.e. the range or spectrum must be continuous, beginning from the longest Radio frequencies all the way passing the range of Gamma Rays until their wave lengths reaching theoretically zero length. Unfortunately the range beyond that of the Gamma Rays is too short in lengths and too high in frequencies to be measured with the present technology. Besides, because the strength of these ultra short waves is far more penetrating than the Gamma Rays, they lead the way to reach every spatial realm in the cosmos. But all these background waves cannot be noticed or measured because although the whole range of waves are vibrating and propagating, they have long become the constant and permanent background energy without any change in rhythm. These energy rhythms form a common background vibration regardless of other events and interactions taking place far or near. They remain unnoticed at the background.  

What we can measure or observe are but the non-permanent energy fluctuations caused by timely individual events and interactions in the cosmic neighbourhood. For instance, when you gently light a candle, or when you violently explode a bomb, or be it a flush of lightening, or a sudden let off of huge explosive light energies from a distant Quasar or Pulsar, or the emissions from a star or galaxy, or for that matter, whatever interactions that produce heat, these are all timely individual events in their own locality, independent of the permanently vibrating universal background rhythms. Of course these individual events can and do produce energies, but only enough to give display of a small part of the complete spectrum of electromagnetic radiations or electromagnetic storms, and such likes.

Note:-  What we see from the lights of quasars and pulsars are events that had occurred generally say about or more than 10 billion light years ago. According to Regenerating Universe model, the regeneration of a new universal portion is caused by an older expanding portion running, which has largely run out of steam. So the pieces of its slow down or exhausted mass (including dark masses) are forced back by radiations from other portions. These retreating masses would crash in erratic intervals, causing a new but reduced new universal portion to be formed. This postulate allows the possibility for plenty of small and large chunks and pieces of un-crashed mass to be floating around say about 10 billion light years ago (this is very different to Big Bang model's Inflation, because theoretically the Inflation early universe was completely isotropic. There were no sizable pieces of mass floating around). When such leftover pieces (which are large enough, but our telescope cannot see them at such distance) crash into the reasonably newly formed stars or galaxies (i.e. quasars), they would light up like a universal bonfire. Then slowly as these leftover masses are absorbed into the galaxies, the new universal portion would become progressively mature and cleaned up. In time, there will be practically no leftover pieces floating around as we see today… 

Of course, all such independents interactions in nature have no intrinsic mechanisms or energy structure to display a smooth partial spectrum of the complete electromagnetic spectrum. In particular, electromagnetic radiation waves are not simple waves, like the linear sound waves, since electromagnetic waves have complex sinusoidal forms as well as transverse waves with two components perpendicular to each other and propagating in the direction at right angles to those components as well. It doesn’t seem possible that the above described various kinds of regional interactions, including chemical, mechanical, electrical and nuclear interactions, can instantaneously organize their energies into a smooth partial spectrum of such complex nature. Therefore, it appears that formless energies created in all such individual interactions in fact pick up the vibrations with the same waveforms and frequencies given by the permanent background rhythms already vibrating in all vicinities. Such background energy rhythms rule the entire universe, including all the universal portions without exception, without being noticed and are unaffected by atmospheric absorption. They were once thought to be an energy conducting media called "æther" or "ether". In other imaginative theory they would probably be called some kind of "Ripples". 

Anyway, these permanent background waves pave the highway for all electromagnetic waves involving heat. They also rule the motions inside the mass as each atom contains electromagnetic energies with electrons and protons in it. The electron would orbit the nucleon like planets and stars orbiting the galactic center. The orbiting electrons seem forever never run out of energy, probably because they are energized by external energies, namely by such background rhythmic energies. Electrons also jump into different orbits depending on energy available, just as a weakened wave of electromagnetic radiation would retire into the next fixed slot of longer wavelength and lower frequency. The spins of atomic particles are fixed in discrete numbers  Energies within the atom are fixed to discrete values called "Quanta", hence the name "Quantum Physics". All seem to relate to some background discrete energy rhythms or waves. What energy waves can be more strong, more abundant and more universal than the energy waves, or electromagnetic radiations, that are converted from the mass in all galaxies? Also because every mass in the cosmos is engulfed by the electromagnetic waves, the strongest range of these waves (stronger than Gamma Rays), which I called the Extreme Galactic Rays, interacting with the Strong Nuclear Force in the mass, produces Gravitation. That must be why gravitation is a wave energy and seems to have infinite range and effective in every atom of mass. These Extreme Galactic Rays having extremely high frequencies also interact with Weak Nuclear Force, causing radioactive decay, such as Carbon-14 decay to be so precise. Also together with gravitation the electromagnetic radiations cause all big and small cosmological motions. Electromagnetic radiations are also the force that pushes the galaxies to recede, giving the expansion of universe. All such colossal strength cannot come from elsewhere but from conversion of mass to energy at the center of galaxies.    

Now since each atom of all cosmic mass, e.g. stars and planets, contains electromagnetic properties, they are transported into the galaxies and come out as electromagnetic waves, while all other 3 forces of Interactions, i.e. Strong, Weak and Gravitation forces have been stripped out of existence during the conversion of mass to energy. In the end, we observe only electromagnetic radiations coming out of the galaxies. This means probably not only that all galactic masses are converted into electromagnetic energies, but also electromagnetic energies cannot be destroyed. Therefore in the final analysis, the electric charge and magnetic moment are the most fundamental, or the most original energies in the universal existence, which is what the ancient Chinese cosmology called the forces of Yin and Yang that are behind every changing phenomena in the universe. It’s no wonder that the entire weight of universe expands under its strength. 

Meanwhile, looking from the point of actions within each atom as well as the interaction with the other 3 forces of Interaction, including all the cosmological movements consequently produced, it becomes abundantly clear that the energy of electromagnetic force communicates with the entire universe. It touches every biggest parts and smallest things in the universe. Thus it is the energy behind both the interactions and the unification of universe... Consequently, the universe is expanded and unified by the enormous push and transmission of electromagnetic radiation waves. The universe is also regionally contracted by the pull and infinite reach of gravitational waves. Together with the enormous pulling and pushing forces, the universe regenerates into huge and tiny regions or portions. However, all that is possible, only because both the electromagnetic and the gravitational forces are energies in waves, capable of combining into infinite reach by the action mutual interference. In other words, the universe is in fact all connected and unified in perpetual motion of regeneration. There is no need to know how big is the universe, or whether it has borders or not, because within the universe there are huge and tiny dynamic force fields, each may be regarded as a region or portion and capable of its own perpetual regeneration.    

At any rate, under the postulate of Regenerating Universe Theory the overall drama of the universe is logically, scientifically and above all realistically described in these pages. It seems there is little need for William of Occam to raise his razor. This is probably meaningful because evolution has already brought us to the level of space tourism and the age of cosmology. Soon we will be ready to embark on the journey to our home in the cosmos, which predictably could be the ultimate human destiny, especially if we continue to ruin our earth. The cosmos is dangerous but big enough for everyone. So let us discard all the politics and its related products, and seek collectively to make sure that our costly space ships and the precious life of space tourists are absolutely safe. In which case, we should stick strictly to the daily realities in science that we already intimately know and can be sure of.... Although I have voiced my doubts in these pages about certain 4th dimension of space, and about mixing both linear motion and wave motion in the same mathematical calculation, but I will keep my mind open!    

(Written 15th Dec 2006)