27) Extra points and closing notes.
This page has been cleaned up and updated on 23rd Nov 2006
Before I make a close this series of my thoughts on cosmology, I think I ought to make a note on how I have struggled to write down this theory, and also offer my sincere apology as well as many thanks to my earlier readers. Because it has been a wonder that many of them did put up with me and have actually managed to read most or even all of these pages, and then wrote to give me possible responds. Let me tell you why.
I have been interested in cosmological phenomena all my life, both the aspects of both physics and metaphysics. because my grand father was our district Officer of Ying and Yang of the last Imperial Dynasty. Grand-Pa passed away long before I was born, but he left behind a collection of very interesting writings (some of them were magical occults. Other were ancient cosmology), which I began to read almost as soon as I had to learned to read. Anyway at the end of 1970s I fell ill and underwent a major operation. I was confound at home for quite some time. That gave me the chance to pick up again my boyhood interests. Gradually I developed the basis of this Regenerating Universe theory in the decade that followed. The theory made sense to me! Of course when a cosmological theory shows logical sense that gives an overall picture of the universe without having to resort to fantastic hypothesis, you want to dig deeper. So from about 1985 onwards I began to approach some professors with my ideas. To my surprise, some of my ideas soon briefly came through in radio and TV medias. After some thoughts I decided to publish a little booklet only for the purpose of establishing my copy rights. This publication I did in March of 1998 and had it registered in the Hong Kong Government. The booklet was also called The Regenerating Theory. However, because the booklet was solely for the purpose of copy rights. It contained an embryonic but essential description of the present theory. After that I kept wanting to rewrite the theory properly, as more and more ideas continued to grow inside me.
I continued to be affected on and off by problems of health. Then one day in early 2000 my beloved 94 years old mother passed away. Mother's love and smile had always made my life fulfilling. Without her I suddenly fell into a huge vacuum. I began to think about writing the unfinished theory. So I began to do it in 2001 on this website. The theory was already in my mind. It was a if I had always had it since I was a child. I thought all I needed was to start writing, but somehow I didn't seem to be able to tell the story the way I had wanted. I knew I was rather ill, but I had no idea how ill I was. There was no pain, or perhaps because I had grown so used to it. At the time I was walking in a snail pace. My memory was not obeying my command. I forgot my English words. When I wrote down a passage, I only need to walk away from the computer a few minutes, I would forget clean about it and start to write it again. In short, writing was a real struggle, but the desire to write it down persisted... It went on for years and I kept trying to make myself expressive but without getting anywhere near it... The only thing I could do was to write as plain and simple as could without trying to be clever...
Then suddenly the sky fell on me! One night in July 2005 I had a massive heart attack! The acute pains seemed to last for ever, but I survived (as usual). Only then it became apparent that for years the main arteries of my left heart were totally blocked by cholesterols without the slightest hint to me. My brain was not getting the blood it needed, and my limbs were also not having the required circulation. My memory capacities were affected, and I was also somewhat dazed as I didn't even know how sick I was. But somehow miraculously the rest of the brain remained intact... The Doctors put two stainless steel stents in m heart to stretch open and support the previously blocked arteries. Now that the blood flows again, I am able to walk normally again. My memory capacity is also slowly improving, and I am not dazed any more... So starting from end of 2005 I have been touching up and rewriting the theory page by page. I find there are numerous repeats, but I only clean and straighten them up and then leave them where they are, because I think it's hard on the eyes to read long electronic pages. So it's easier for readers to follow the arguments through without having to refer to other pages too much. Besides, the repetition of points helps to illustrate that those points may be looked upon from different angles and aspects, and are still valid. The plain and simple descriptions and explanations, including the minimum of mathematics in these pages, are also turning out to be rather a good thing, because anybody who can read simple English or have an education of Middle School or upwards can all comprehend, in this theory, how the universe is structured and how it actually works!
However, I have been feeling very bad that it has taken me years to straighten out my story of the universe. I can fully understand anybody would drop reading a terribly messy page before he finishes it. But for those who did stay to read until they've made head and tail out of my writing, I not only owe them an explanation, but also many thanks for putting up with me. But sorry, that was the best I could do when my brain was not getting the blood it needed. Anyway, million thanks for those who have written to me. I am glad to report that my health improving well now. Thank you again! (23rd Nov 2006)
Now let's use this page to add some extra points :-
1) Cosmology is the widest and deepest science there is, because it includes descriptions and explanations of phenomena encompassing the microcosm and the macrocosm as well as possibly all the realities that exist within the infinite cosmic realm. Realities here means not only the physical existence of the universe but also the existence of life, and not only the energies that empower motions of universe but also energies that motivate activities of all life within it. In order to account for the complete cosmological cause and consequence, it is necessary to consider not just physical phenomena but also metaphysical phenomena as well. I have intended to write more about metaphysics in these pages, but so far I have not even started it....
The very first science in human history was cosmology. According to Chinese legendary history the first efforts to examine nature's many changes and reflect their effects on human life took place over 7000 years ago. The system is now called I-Ching, which was originally an ancient form of cosmology. "I" (pronounced "eee") means "Change" and "Ching" (pronounced "zhing") means "Book", together they mean "The Book of Changes". In fact, what's behind the changes in the book are illustrations of symmetries. There are all together 64 symmetries with interpretations, which imply that all things and events in nature as well as in life are evolved from simple poles of opposition, namely Yin and Yang to 4 poles, then to more complex symmetries, etc... Legend has it that the earliest known tribal leader Fu-Xi had developed the original 8 symmetries some 7000 years ago. A complete and fully developed theory of I-Ching with 64 symmetries was found to be in use well before 2500 years ago (Confucius loved it). However, the theory later departed from cosmology and fell to the use as Art of Divination, or Prediction, for which it became famous. (Please read story in the Related Topics, page "Story of Yin-Yang and the earliest correlation to cosmology") ..
Outside China, similar observations of nature occurred about 5000 years ago in the desert of Mesopotamia, today's Iraq, where systematic observation of celestial phenomena was begun. Records were kept and arithmetical procedures were developed to correlate the observed celestial data. From that historical stem slowly the celestial science developed into different branches of very specialized sciences. Today many theoretical sciences have gone far into unfamiliar territories. It may be said that 20th century science had been guided by one single hypothetical doctrine, which states the speed of light is the limiting speed of all real bodies in motion. In other words, nothing in the universe can possibly move faster than the speed of light, although there has never been any real proof or explanations for it. After that, Newton's laws were questioned, although scientists still depend on them. Since the advent of Einstein's Relativity theories, cosmology has become more fantastic each day. Soon a theory of Big Bang Universe was born, and from Big Bang came a Singularity, and Singularity gives birth to Black Holes. Black Holes turns to Worm Holes. Worm Holes seem to have brought us out of this world, even right out of our Universe. Therefore, science reaches Baby Universes.... Now our world has expanded to multiple decades of dimensions and stuffs that only imagination can accommodate. At this rate before too long, sciences are surely going to defy even imaginations.... Well, imagine in just less than a century the speed of science has taken off from pretty solid Newtonian ground on earth to way beyond the universe, just calculate that out, and you will find it faster than the speed of light!?..
Now
let me take a look again at some historical connections. The prime mover of the entire universe is in fact the beautiful symmetry or the
heart (or hearts) of our dynamic universe, which I
called Miracle-12. 
It is said that laws of nature contain an elegant symmetry.
Some people think it is hidden in extremely high temperatures.
On the left is another schematic representation of Miracle-12
Well,
there you are. It is true! Now we have found it in the center of every galaxy. However, this is not the CPT
symmetry or any other symmetry. Our symmetry is no ordinary symmetry. It is the
very engine that produces the dynamic universe. There are quite a few less
important symmetries hidden in nature's phenomena.
The ancient Chinese culture made a full and special study of nature's
symmetries. 
This
special knowledge is the I-Ching, which owed its form purely from observation
of phenomena of nature (See also the article "Story of Ying-Yang, and
earliest correlation to cosmology" in the "Related
Topics" page).
On the left is a symbol of I-Ching
I-Ching was developed over a long period between 5300 BC to 550 BC. A fully evolved system was in use around 550 BC, as history records that Confucius (551-479 BC) loved I-Ching in his advanced years. The same I-Ching continued in use for the subsequent millenniums without any alterations. It had been a great influence in the evolution of Chinese philosophy and belief over the ages.
The above symbol of I-Ching with its poles of Yin and Yang as well as the Trigrams have become South Korea's national
emblem today.....
On the left is the Korea national flag
German mathematician Gottfried von Leibniz (1646-1716) was inspired by the symmetries of Chinese I-Ching's 8 Trigrams (fig on the right. Notice Trigrams have 3 rolls of bars, while Hexagrams have 6 bars ) to perfect the binary system of numeration and to invent integral and differential calculus (Newton also claimed the invention), which are the theoretical ancestor of modern computers.
The Trigrams are said to have also inspired the following Nobel Laureates: Japanese Physicist Hideki Yukawa for elementary particles in 1949, and Chinese physicists Yang Chen Ning and Le Tsung Dao for particle physics in 1957..... Martin Schönberger, in his book The Hidden Key to Life, noted that the 64 Hexagrams of the I-Ching correspond exactly to the 64 DNA codons, the genetic code of life......
I-Ching is a formidable system of very old Chinese wisdom, which essentially uses nature's symmetries to predict probabilities through philosophical rationalization. Because of its rational and philosophical basis, it was regarded as a science.
On the left are I-Ching's 64 Hexagrams evolved from the 8 Trigrams
In Chinese language I-Ching means the Book of Changes, which implies a dynamic but balanced universe. It describes how nature uses symmetries to carry out all changes. Alternatively, it implies that all changes in nature are caused by polar forces, or that all phenomena of non-stop changes in nature contain within them a dynamic symmetry. Later it was used as also a manual of divination used to predict and understand nature's probability. The probability is analogous, in fact equivalent, to the Probability and Uncertainty in Quantum Mechanics, or the probability in genealogy (jumping genes), which leads to nature's selection of the fittest and the steps in Darwin's Evolution. It appears that each time God plays dice, the arrow of entropy or of chaos is somewhat reversed.
However, the very origin of nature's probability or changeability has always been very illusive and invisible. Scientists and philosophers have been chasing the shadow of nature's symmetries for millenniums....
On the left is a graph of I-Ching's a pattern of its complete symmetries
T.R.U.TH now reveals this ultimate and real physical symmetry is also hidden inside the galaxies. It is ultimate because it imparts forces to every element in nature so it can perform and regenerate. If God is the almighty that does exist. Then God could hardly be a manlike or humanlike being. Only those who have seen nature through a deep field telescope into the remote cosmos can imagine the awesome immensity and greatness of the universe, and how small and insignificant the humans are. But if God is one that creates life and gives life force to the universe and all what's in it, then by that definition God should be the universe, at least He, or the Universe, is completely present, active and entirely accountable. So, it's time to question:- " Is the human being, an insignificant star dust in the awesome universe, with all his greed, his lust for blood shed and hosts of fallible human qualities, good enough to be the image of God, who is the maker of all cosmos? If not, then what qualifies as the image of God? The answer is, the only almighty, in design, in energy and in manifestation that qualifies as God is the Universe itself!" because all that's needed to create all the things, life and intelligence in the universe are present in the universe... Such thoughts are nothing new, the worship of nature was what many human forefathers in many earlier cultures believed many millenniums ago, such as astrology and mythology. Even today the Dao religion of China and the Zinn religion of Japan worship nature. ..
The beauty of the Miracle-12 is not only because it is symmetrical, not even because it contains many symmetries in it, but because it is alive and contains a dynamic choice (Darwin's Natural Selection), and therefore is the hidden origin of evolution and the beginning of intellectual developments, resulting in laws and orders in nature as well as rationality in human beings! If the human being is intelligent, then that intelligence is also part of nature, because human being is a part of nature! Nature is dynamic and stands ready to change, but in changing there are always reasons and choice. The change is always within the symmetries, because force symmetries have all the motivation and choices in them. Symmetries also carry inherent essence of equivalence and balance, therefore we observe that all things obey cost and effect. Nature keeps its own account books and will surely balance its account in due time.... This finally leads to the manifestation for laws of conservation and laws of regeneration....
2) However, since 1917 there had been many cosmological theories of universe. Some of which even proposed that the universe is "static" despite that the solar system seems to be moving like mad and the constellations are seen to be shifting. Even the galaxies seem spiraling. All these 20th century models of universe are all backed by mathematics invented by a few men of genius, and of course to these geniuses mathematics are the criterion of truth. To name a few of these theories:- there were the Static Einstein Universe, William MacMillan's last Static-State Universe, De Sitter Universe, Friedmann Universes including the Open and Closed Universe...a.s.o. Then again since1929, after E. Hubble discovered that the universe is not static but expanding, there had been other proposals of models based on an expanding universe, such as :- Oscillating Universes, Eddington Universe, Steady-State Expanding Universe, Big Bang.. and many more. Again they are all supported by mathematical equations and theories. Mathematics have therefore become the backbone of most cosmological theories or the criterion and proof of the origin of the universe. Only mathematics are meant to be the invariant and absolute, but the universes so produced and proven by mathematics are not invariant.
I believe someone once had said that in order to know God's mind, one must have capacity bigger than God. To fathom the universe, one should really step out of the universe to do it, or at least one must know where it starts and ends It is for that reason that I point out in this Website that what are the rules for Earth may not be the rules for the entire universe, hence my suggestion of the difference between Earthly Phenomena and Universal Phenomena. I base this observation really on the fact that known mathematical inventions are not unlimited, because if every version of universe depends on the same mathematics, obviously only one result could possibly be true... Besides, the use of mathematics is restricted to certain conditions only. What if the universe is an infinite or near infinite existence? Can one use a finite ruler or method to measure a possible infinite or near infinite dimension, or any property of a Singularity? One cannot deal with mathematics in the imaginary zone. It really takes courage to assume what is the highest speed in the universe, or the 4th dimension of space, or the conditions at the beginning of the universe and then start mathematical calculations.... To be fair, it does not mean that mathematics must not be used any more. Mathematics will always be the essential tools science depends upon. Only like all good medicines, the problem does not lie in the chemicals, but in how you use them.... Seeing that so many cosmological theories are based on mathematics and the results are still not invariant... The only alternative left for T.R.U.TH. is to take a different rout and use simple but already known facts to describe the universe, and try to make it understandable to all readers...
3) Actually according to Theory of Relativity, the recession speed of galaxies cannot go faster than the speed of light, which means it would have to slow down or stop dead once it moves far enough and the light sped limited is reached. But since 1998, the combined global scientists from USA, Europe and Australia using the best modern equipments had jointly determined that galaxies are receding away with ever increasing speed. Their combined endeavor also confirmed that the observable universe is about 13/14 billion light years away (later amended to about 12/13 BLYs). This distance is roughly the limit when galactic recession will reach the speed of light. Now that since this distance has been reached and the galaxies are still racing away with acceleration, it shows not only that global scientists are actually seeing the limits of the observable universe, but obviously the previously believed light speed limit is now shuttered beyond repair (see Contents Page #16 "Question of Beginning and End"). But now, since light is not the top limit, then what has become of the speed of light? Is light really the fastest and why? Is light speed interfered, relayed and amplified along the way? Obviously these will affect all the equations that depend on the speed of light, e.g. Special Relativity and the equation of Mass and Energy, etc... Therefore it has come to the point when proper explanation for the nature of light becomes paramount.. What's more, when the galaxies' receding speeds exceed the speed limit of light, they cannot be seen anyway. So, our observable universe could even be tiny compared with the true scale of the complete universe. So how does the universe keep its stability and balance? For after all, if universe id not been balanced, then we wouldn't be around! Even cause and effect cannot exist...
Here are more considerations. As far as the theories of relativity are concerned, there are some serious problems in their mathematics. Firstly, the special relativity is based on the essential mathematics of Lorentz Factor, i.e. 1/Ö(1-V²/C²). This mathematical expression puts C, the constant speed of light with V, the linear velocity of real objects, in the same equation. The equation only works, if V is never bigger than C. That's why Einstein decided that the speed of light C must be the Top Limiting speed in the universe. However, there is nothing in the universe, except in Einstein's personal decision, that proves the speed of light must be the top "limiting" speed of all motions in the universe. If that were true, then today's observed acceleration of galactic expansion must stop dead where they are, but there is nothing in the cosmic space that can stop it. The problem must lie in the mathematics of Lorentz Transformation, because firstly, now that astronomers have observed that receding galaxies are moving at or near the speed of light and still accelerating away, which means that the speed of light is not the top limiting speed, and that makes the Lorentz Factor imaginary. Secondly, the speed of wave motion C, which is calculated by differential calculus functions, should not be mixed with classic linear velocity V in the same mathematical equation, simply because the nature of the two motions are different. Thirdly, the postulate of General Relativity is based on time being the 4th dimension of curved space, which is mathematically expressed also in imaginary quantities (Ö-t). This puts all the mathematics of both Special and General Relativity in the imaginary territories. Therefore, all the derivatives of relativities must be reviewed carefully in the present reality of Space Travel Age. See also page # 22) Problems of Big Bang universe and the timing of history. Any engineers who apply Relativity theory in their spacecraft designs must be responsible for the life and safety of space travellers.
4) One of the perspectives, which concerns the microscopic as well as the macroscopic, is the creation of energies that energize and move the universe. So far all the arguments and calculations for the big bang universe, and its early universe, including the Inflation and so on... are based on temperatures, or light, or microwaves, relativistic gravitations, etc., etc.. These energies are propagated in a continuous spectrum of waves. None of these forms of energies could have existed during the big bang and during the corresponding epoch of early universe. Indeed, temperatures too! Because heat must be transmitted in heat waves, or electromagnetic waves, if they are to go places. If there was no heat waves then the big bang early universe could not cool down and reheat, then there could not be Inflation. Since there were no waveform energies, then there could have no Cosmic Microwaves (CMB). During the big bang or its early universe even light could not have existed yet, because light, heat and CMB are all parts of electromagnetic wave spectrum. The big bang explosion could not possibly have created a orderly smooth scale, or consecutive array of waves in a continuous spectrum. Let alone in beautiful sinusoidal formation of transverse propagating waves, which the electromagnetic waves or the CMB is known to be ... Purged of all the finely scaled waves, the big bang and its early universe is in a completely weird and unknown state where no science or mathematics can begin to apply.
5) T.R.U.TH. also implies that waves dominate every neighborhood in the universe but are also propagating in defined frequencies. If you light a candle or strike a match, the chemical energies will turn into a spectrum of 7 coloured lights, also ultra violet, infra red and more, all in waves. But the released quanta of energy from the candle or match chemical cannot by themselves instantaneously align into a orderly and continuous spectrum of waves, especially each wave with its wavelength locked into frequency to produce a constant speed for the entire spectrum (C = F x L). We don't see, at least I don't, any miraculous device in the burning candle, the match stick, or the air or space, that is vibrating and separating the order of waves in the spectrum. To me, it implies that the neighboring pulsating cosmic waves must have absorbed the energy into their waveform and then propagate or carry each discrete quanta of energy away to be seen as light waves. This also means that possibly radiations, such as Gamma Rays, cannot have been arranged instantaneously into an orderly spectrum either. Thus any kind of explosion or violent interactions in the cosmos, such as a supernova explosion, or emissions from pulsars, quasars, or any other cosmic bodies that emits radiations are in fact fluctuation of energies carried by cosmic waves already propagating the vicinity. In other words, there is only one spectrum of radiation waves that dominates the entire cosmic space. This huge powerful orderly spectrum of wave energy is not only generated by each galaxy and spread to all space between galaxies, but they absorb all new energy fluctuations into their own wave formations. The characteristics of a spectrum may be described by words, such as uniformly, continuous, smooth, progressive, consecutive, fine, advancing, stepping, regular, array and orderly, even beautiful etc., etc.. The word "spectrum" also means that there is a huge consecutive array of waves with wavelengths and frequencies lined up closely next to each other. None of these adjectives are analogous or comparable to the violence of any explosions. See following list of electromagnetic wave radiations, and note that each group of wave is joined by the next group in smooth progression without any break.
Properties of Electromagnetic Waves Radiations
___________________________________________________
(centimeters)
(electron volts)
____________________________________________________
Radio
(up to VHF)
> 10
< 0.00001
Microwave
10 to 0.01
0.00001 to 0.01
Infrared
0.01 to 0.0001 0.01
to 1
Visible
Light
10-4
to 2x10-5
1 to 6
Ultraviolet
2x10-5 to 10-7
6 to 1,000
X-Ray
10-7 to 10-9
1,000 to 100,000
Gamma
Ray
< 10-9
>100,000
____________________________________________________
Anyway, this reflect that cosmic waves pervade all cosmic space, and in every corner of the universe. That's why remote galactic lights can be seen, even 13 billion light years away without breaking a single wave. It is observable in all conceivable angles and directions. This also means that cosmic radiations are not only generated by each galaxy, but they propagate into every expanding cosmic space, causing the universe to expand in increasing speed. This also means that if electromagnetic waves have the power to dominate the entire cosmic space with their non-stop propagating waves, then they are powerful enough to absorb all free and formless electromagnetic energies created and released by any chemical or electrical interactions or, for that matter, any fluctuations in cosmic energy level, and assign each level of energy in their appropriate waveforms. What I am trying to say is that every inch of cosmic space is alive with pulsating electromagnetic waves. Each wave has no choice but to pulsate or propagate with other waves in such a manner that their wavelengths are slotted or squeezed into each other's waveform with corresponding frequencies and together they propagate in unison with the constant speed... Such a phenomenon can only be explained by the function of a similar force field symmetry at the center of each galaxy (which is analogous to generation of electric waves in a Generator). Hence Cosmic Microwave Background Radiations (CMB) are not the remnants of a violent Big Bang or any Inflation. Besides, they are both hypothetical existences. They will always be hypothetical, no matter how much supports are pumped into them, because they are not convincing or rational enough to become a reality...
6) In a nut shell, during the journey from hypothesis to scientific reality, cosmology has come across all kinds of impressive, but imaginary postulates, e.g. the imaginary 4th dimension, the space curvature, the Singularities, the merry marriage of space and time, etc., etc., and all sorts of diversified attempt to prove the universe with mathematics or presumption of fantastic initial conditions. The biggest and boldest of such presumptions are the
Big Bang Singularity, initiated by Georges Lemātre, who was a Belgium cosmologist but also a Christian priest in 1927. As a cosmologist and a priest, it was not surprising that he would want to show that God created the universe. He invented a theory which seems to imply that God had created a mysterious "Primeval Egg", which then gave rise to the birth of universe. So the Big Bang theory followed Lemātre's work, and started to postulate that the present universe was started the explosion of this embryonic egg, the size of an atom (later called Big Bang Singularity, which sounds much more impressive), of unknown material, energy or any other properties, just the assumed size. This tiny unknown primeval egg for some unknown reason suddenly decayed or exploded (which sounds more destructive than creative, but to some it's music) and based on some fantastic super scientific principles and mathematics it grew to be our universe, with all the planets, stars and galaxies in it. It began to sound pretty scientific indeed and everybody got excited in supporting it, then the whole world followed, brushing aside the fact that the initial postulate was a pure priestly hypothesis. Anyway, everybody dug in in earnest and really tried to prove that the hypothetical idea is a scientific reality... It caught on fire for quite a while. Only some scientists began to realize that if it was an explosion, then due to gravitation, the universe ought to be slowing down, instead of expanding .
Not too long though, a timely rescue came. It was the theory of Inflation. This theory helped to explain that after the explosion of this mystical primeval egg or Singularity, within the first 10-32 second (10-32 of a second is same as 1/1000000000000000000000000000000000 of a second, or 1 divided by some trillion, trillion, trillion.... trillionth of a second ) of the big bang explosion, the universe suddenly drastically expanded at least 85 doublings of its original size (doubling means each time it doubles its own size. So, after 50 doublings from the size of an atom, the new size is already bigger than the present observable universe ). The exact calculation of course is based on the work of genius, namely Einstein's General Relativity (which postulates that spacetime has 4 dimensions and gravitation is not a force but the "ripples of spacetime") together with the unconfirmed Super-String Theory (which postulates that spacetime has 10 dimensions instead of the known three dimensional space). Anyway, the Inflation theory combined Super String's state of "false vacuum" and Einstein relativistic mass to produce a gravitationally large repulsive force that kick start the drastic inflation (since Inflation happened only in a tiny moment, the universe must still be slowing down, and of course there is no need to explain why electromagnetic wave and gravitational wave got to be present in the early universe in the first place. Also there is no need to explain how cosmic waves get their a sinusoidal waveform or how their grouped spectrum are created). This drastic sudden expansion to such unimaginably size within such unimaginably short time is of course another explosion far bigger than the Big Bang explosion. In fact, there are two bangs and the last bang is much bigger. So, modern Big Bang universe should really be called, the Bang Bang Big Bang Universe, or simply the Bang Bang Universe. But see what exact, precise and scientific results the modern technology can do to prove God's work...
What more can one say? This is the present state of advanced science that students learn to comprehend the reality of our universe. I wonder if William of Occam were alive today, what would he comment? I think he would be amazed because modern cosmology, which is fundamental to Space Age, has become many mirages in the sky. One could easily mistaken it for Alison's Wonderland.
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