4) What is Infinity and what is Zero?

Infinity is not a fiction or imagination. It is a part of reality, or a positive quantity or measurement, but it is too big to accommodate a count or a dimension in it. In the state of Infinity there are no beginning, no mid-point and no end nor any point of reference. The human person begins life in an environment of infinity, where things and events are simply countless. He also ends his life without having experienced or encountered all the things and events. Therefore, human awareness forever exists in the reality of unaccountable infinities, be they things, or events in life and in nature. For that matter, no living being or events can ever exist outside the infinity. In this sense, it is quite natural and quite in conformity with reality to say that the universe exists in eternity and that time, which represents reality, is an infinite progression. Yet, it is typical of the human to think that there must be a beginning and an end of everything. So, what was the beginning, the egg or the chicken? And Why? Because all the human sees are beginnings and ends, of lives, of things and of events... When you see them everyday, it almost becomes a course of nature. But really are they truly beginnings and ends? In reality, they are millions, billions, trillions, in fact, countless of them all chained up together. The ends are linked to the beginnings and vice versa, forming a continuous progression of events going from infinity to infinity... That is the reality! Well, if this is not true, then who can prove how and when did Big Bang Singularity come into existence? If Time is the 4th dimension, then how big is the 4th dimension for Singularity?  

Of course, in the human conceptual behaviors the references of time are very important because without them the human sense of timing would be lost and the human would be left completely disorientated in the passage of events. Yet, time is merely a human invention, used to differentiate the progression of events. For instance, we don't know when the dinosaurs first appeared on earth, but it doesn't matter because we still know that they did exist. That too is a reality! ... In mathematical applications, both Infinity and Zero are generally or rather unconsciously taken as realities and put into daily use. However, Infinity in cosmology may be regarded as an Uncertainty, just like the Principle of Uncertainty in quantum physics, they are both real but uncertain. In fact, nature does exist in a state of perpetual change or in a capacity of indeterminable infinity, yet at the same time, it is in dynamic balance (this will be fully explained under the phenomenon of "dynamic symmetry" in the upcoming pages). However, unlike Infinity, which is a reality, Zero is an abstract or imaginary quantity, because in reality Zero does not exist! There is no such thing as Zero or true Nothingness in real existence, just as there is no "empty space", not even an independent existence of "space", since "space" is none other than the corporal extension of mass/energy. 

In other words, the term Infinity may be rather difficult to grasp and comprehend, but it is real in existence, while Zero is just an abstract assumption. One would do well to bear in mind that the 'unreal' term Zero is mixed in daily use and treated with equal validity as the 'real' term Infinity or other real numbers, very often many times over in one same mathematical application. One may therefore ask what is the true result of mixing an imaginary existence into a real number?.... What's more, in general applications a small part divided by a colossal number, for instance one divided by a trillion, is often taken as "zero", but in modern quantum physics or in String Theory, perhaps even in cosmology, one atom or one cosmic object divided into a trillion parts can still have a significant number because the object can still consist of unknown multi-trillions of elementary parts. No matter how tiny the dividend appears to be, it is not "zero"! In both ends, i.e. in sub-atomic scale and in cosmological scale, astronomical numbers and even uncertain quantities are common place, this resultant dividend could still be meaningful! We are barely beginning to understand these extreme scales... Obviously I am not suggesting that one should stop using mathematics, but should one wonder if such traditional mathematical assumptions do qualify for all new and old scenarios with permanent or complete freedom and impunity? For after all, mathematics are numerical devices of philosophy, they must pass the test of philosophical bases before all else and at all times.    

Mathematics in scientific application are like the transport vehicles. Without them many things don't get very far. Yet in traveling, as long as it is around the earth, we usually know where we are going, and in science, as long as it is chemistry or physics or any of the daily applied Newtonian sciences, we also know what we are doing. But when it comes to the size, the shape, the age and the origin as well as the future of the universe, these are the spots and dark corners where no one has ever visited and no light would ever shone. Well, are you surprised that we still don't know much about the universe?  We should really make sure that it is solid ground that we step on before we proceed. In other words, it is safer to base on something familiar that not only we can image, but also we can understand, such as common logics or even common sense, or better still, proven facts, at the very least something that can be explained or understood in words... Because it could be an enormous responsibility to lead millions of younger students traveling through unfamiliar and unknown territories.... 

There had been no less than over a dozen versions of theories of the universes just between 1917 to the 1960s. All of them had been proposed on some extents of mathematics support. For instance, starting from 1917 there was the Static Einstein Universe, the De sitter Universe, the Lemaitre Universe as well as some versions and variations of Friedmann Universes ... and many others, such as the T. Gold/F. Holye Steady State Universe, but now only a couple of them are left under discussions... Now there are also 5 versions of String Theory with 5 versions of mathematics. Thanks to Minkowski who started the 4th dimension, now these String Theories can suggest that the universe may have extra dimensions ranging from 10, 11 to even 26 dimensions.... Amongst all mathematics in cosmology the equations of Lorentz Transformation remain particularly influential, but 100 years has passed, it remains controversial. It simply decides that the speed of light is the champion of all motions without explanations. As a result, theories such as curved space, dilated time, static universe, æther, cosmological constant, energy-mass equation, spacetime continuum, Spacetime Curvature, Relativistic Gravitation, big bang singularity, Black Holes, and lots more, were born... 

However, modern advanced mathematics such as Algebra and Calculus .... including Super Computers, etc.... are devices and tools invented by humans not too long ago. In fact, these inventions are brain-child of logics whose brain-parent is philosophy, and whose old ancient grand parent is common sense. One should do well to remember that logical tools come with certain limitations and boundaries in their designs... Perhaps soon enough when people go to Mars, if they stay long enough, they might prefer to use Martian digital system, based on 11 numbers rather than 10 (Mars has one more satellite than Earth, making 11 cosmic bodies orbiting its environment!)...  In short, mathematics are numerical tools of human philosophy, therefore more closer to the reality are the principles and the ethics that make mathematics what they are. If you can explain the reality with simple and understandable terms, then excessive numerical gadgets could only complicate, or even side-track the real issue, in which case, then plain and simple explanations will suffice and become valuable. The difference between the reality of infinity and the non-existence of zero is just a parable, but important enough. The message here is that not all people bother to dig and see which is real and which is not. Also the importance in understanding any theory of cosmology lies in the simple reality of known scientific facts, not in the impressive or strangely provocative names or descriptions. I will therefore try my best to describe the universe with simple logics, common sense, well proven facts as well as direct observations and plain explanations... .