13) The nature and origin of Gravitation :-  

by Adam Wen-Lu, Chan

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Every school student knows how important is the role that gravity plays in science, in space travel and in personal life. Every moment we stand, walk or sleep, gravity always stays in intimate relationship with us. Without gravity we would be floating in the air. That would be nice too! Yet, despite all modern technology, the true origin of gravity has never been satisfactorily explained! Gravity or Gravitation does not play an important role in ordinary industrial applications, because its effects in interactions between common objects on earth are extremely feeble, but in recent decades, the humans are no longer earth bound. Thousands of man made space devices are flying over our heads this moment as I write. One European space probe had just landed days ago on Titan, a satellite of Saturn, after 7 years of journey through space. The gravitation, which is a universal force, is of primary importance in space technology. Extremely costly space projects and precious lives of astronauts as well as the future development of human space civilization will depend increasingly more on intimate knowledge of gravity. In the following discussions, we cannot hope to unveil the entire mystery of gravitation, but we can certainly take a good look at some aspects of this age old problem and offer our own perspective on the complex nature and the origin of gravitation...   

Newton's law for gravity tells us how to calculate quantitatively the force of gravity. Since 1687 it has been one of the major foundations upon which science built to become what it is today, but Newton never explained the real origin of gravitation. Presently, the only other hypothesis relating to gravity is Einstein's General Relativity, which carries no small measure of influence in the world of science. However, in Einstein's Relativity, gravity is not even a force, instead, it is a consequence of curved geometry or ripples of spacetime curvature. General Relativity is based on an imaginary 4th dimension, called spacetime continuum, which has not yet been encountered in actual practice. It is not clear if any engineers are actually incorporating relativistic gravitation in their design applications for today's space projects. Some most probably do, since Einstein is generally considered to be the  greatest genius of the 29th century. If Einstein is right then Newton is wrong. In view of the importance of gravity and safety in space travel, no design engineer can afford not to sort out the fundamental nature of gravity and the reality of the said two theories.  

So, what is gravity or gravitation? We can't go too far into Newton's law of gravity, because it's a quantitative law. It works adequately in scientific applications for the past 300 years. In today's space applications, modern technology uses small jets and other means to compensate and guide the projection and orbits of space vessels. Newton experimented with a pendulum and Galileo used a slopping plane to measure gravity but could not explain the origin of gravity. Einstein did not carry out any experiments, he based his general relativity on Minkowski's imaginary 4th dimension, where time t is treated as an additional dimension imposed on the normal 3 dimensional Euclidean space, i.e., [X1, X2, X3], so the 4 mathematical coordinates are written with 3 real dimensions and one imaginary 4th dimension, thus [ X1, X2, X3, t] , where t = X4. Minkowski called this an Euclidean four dimensional "World". Einstein took the idea as mathematical base, but fitted in an imaginary term √(-1).ct in the place of the 4th dimension, which he then used as non-Euclidean coordinates, because according to relativity theories space and spacetime are curved, and since time is not a space dimension (cms or inches), therefore general relativity's 4 non-Euclidean dimensions are mathematically written as [ X1, X2, X3, √(-1).ct ]. So, strictly speaking, Spacetime Continuum and its mathematics are imaginary terms... 

Einstein's general relativity, basing on spacetime continuum, has therefore a root built upon an imaginary mathematical number. The theory then develops from spacetime continuum to spacetime curvature, and from spacetime curvature to ripples of spacetime curvature, which then becomes general relativity's gravity or gravitation. It is also said that extremely violent astrophysical events, such as the explosion of stars or the collision of neutron stars, can produce ripples of spacetime. This is all very interesting and it is often said that in many instances Einstein's relativities prove to be right and therefore are highly acclaimed. The only thing is that curved space and spacetime curvature are not likely to be found or encountered in real life soon and the said violent astrophysical events must eventually die down in strength. So, the final responsibility is now transferred onto the shoulders of those technicians who use it to calculate and build the spacecrafts. Quite a responsibility indeed! (see more in Contents Page # 22) Problems of Big Bang universe and the timing of history and #17 "The real age of Universe).         

In view of the fact that Newton's law of gravity works, but without explanations of its true origin. Einstein's relativistic gravity gives an explanation of origin, but it is based on imaginary 4th dimension and space curvature. Gravity therefore is still shrouded somewhat behind a veil of mystery! In fact, for over 300 years since Newton's efforts, tens of thousands of the best minds in the history of science, including Newton and Galileo, had squeezed their brains dry trying to explain the origin of gravity. The difficulty and complexity are obvious! The hope of solving the mystery now must rest partly on modern Quantum physics and partly on astrophysics. Quantum physics probes into the fundamental nature and properties of atoms, because undoubtedly gravity is proportional to mass and therefore every atoms is somehow involved in the output of gravitational force (Note: Gravitation is a force as it is proven in calculations and in experiments since the days of Newton). Astrophysics studies cosmological motions and the energy that causes motions. This might just as well be, perhaps it might promote more dedicated studies on the extreme conditions at the galactic center where nature's own particle accelerator is hard at work, and conversions between mass and energy are going on all the time...

In the last many decades, quantum physicists have spared no efforts, nor costs, to come up with results that have greatly advanced modern science and technology. Yet, despite the achievements there's still a long way before human efforts can simulate the extreme conditions at the center of galaxies. Unless what really goes on at the galactic center is thoroughly studied and understood, some processes in nature's conversion between mass and energy will remain unknown and the efforts of quantum physics would not be complete. There are also the extreme diversities of natural conditions in different cosmological regions, or stars or planets, which are so different from those on earth, but under which evolution develops new lives, or new materials and structures, including subatomic structures. However, since presently such conditions and structures cannot be tested on earth, the lack of experimental knowledge must be compensated by theories based on strictly proven principles, tangible evidences, at least logics and common sense, certainly not random fantasies. 

In the search for the origin of gravity, mere laboratory examinations on the properties and interactions within the mass or the atom is clearly not enough. In fact, it's quite useless searching for the source or the root of gravitation within the mass alone, because the mass or atom by itself does not have sufficient energy, nor mechanism powerful enough to create such persistent gravitational transmission, which is an extremely long range universal force able to cohere the galaxy or the universe. What's more, gravity is a force in waves, an attractive force yet without electric or magnetic properties, and still it must involve the whole weight of the mass concerned. Besides, gravitation has "field" effect as it influences all masses in the near... If the origin of gravity could be found inside mass alone, it would have been found hundreds of years ago by Newton, or Galileo and the like, or by advanced modern particle physics, which breaks down atoms for close look on daily bases.... So I believe really there are hardly many other possibilities, simply because there are not too many choices in the mass to work on!...... 

More over, the atom cannot even sustain its own internal motions and activities indefinitely without losing energy and needing energy replenishments. Meanwhile, cosmic radiations do warm up earth and whatever mass or atoms they contact, then where do such energies go and what do they do? So, as the saying goes "It takes two to tangle!". In order to gravitate the mass of the galaxies or the universe together, it would seem to take the strength of both heaven and earth (external and internal sources of energy). That is to say it would take the strongest external energy combined with the greatest internal energy of mass in order to produce a resultant energy, which is great enough to vibrate and attract the galactic systems together. Consequently, the origin of such great universal force (gravitation) must contain some additional power given by extraterrestrial sources, because it's not likely that internal energy of mass can alone create force waves strong enough to cause cosmological movements. The greatest source of energy in the universe comes from continuous conversion of mass to energy, together with the release of all nuclear energies locked deep within the mass, which happens only at the center of galaxies... This we shall discuss in more details as we proceed... 

At any rate, as this is a theory of cosmology, not only we are bound to involve in discussions of gravity, but also this theory needs to close its own link between cosmological and atomic phenomena, so that as a theory of the universe, only then it is in essence complete. But of course, these are just discussions without any ambition to solve this colossal mystery of nature that has bewildered scientists through out history... So, let's begin by examining some relevant conditions and then see if we can come up with some reasonable conclusions:-    

(1) There are 4 forces of Interaction in nature. All interactions in nature can be traced to have originated from these 4 forces. The first two forces are Strong and Weak nuclear forces, which are present and active within the atom. The Strong nuclear force is by far the most dominating force that binds the atomic nuclei. The remaining two forces are the electromagnetic radiation and gravitation, which are energy waves capable of propagating through space carrying an effect of force "field".  Some scientists believe that these 4 forces may be unified into one. Einstein and some friends spent 35 years trying to unite them under the Theory of Everything (TOE) without success. This writer does not believe that all forces can be unified into one, because nature is meant to evolve and regenerate in perpetual action and reaction, and not to come to stand still. I think all cosmological, chemical, physical, including botanical, biological and subatomic structures as well as laws of nature are results of perpetual evolution and regeneration. However, as all mass and energy contain electricity and magnetism and are transported to the galactic center where they are stripped out of all physical structures, then converted into energy waves that are finally emitted into space in the form of electromagnetic radiations. The universe is therefore fundamentally an electric and magnetic universe. Somehow the gravitational force, like everything else, also has a root linking to electromagnetism..    .   

(2) Gravitation or gravity is a wave, because only energy waves can propagate through distant space and cause continuous cosmological interaction and consequences. This implies that gravitation is a secondary product of some cosmological mechanic, which is needed to cut or pulse the gravitational energy into waves. Alternatively, as gravitation is said to travel at the speed of light, it could imply that gravitation might be related to electromagnetic waves' vibrations. Because unless its waveform is generated by some wave generating means, such as a force field symmetry, otherwise it must be created by vibrations in non-destructive resonation with some existing, yet constant, waves, and that can only be the electromagnetic waves.  

(3) For over 300 years it has been proven that gravitation is directly proportional to the amount of masses (M_1, M₂) and inversely proportional to the square of distance between masses (d²). This law also holds true today. This means that every atom in the masses is involved and if the distance is near zero, then the gravitational pull can be quite considerable. That's why the houses, cars, trains and ships do not fly off into space.  

(4) Gravitation is said to travel at the speed of light, and appears to begin at the center of matters. Wherever an apple drops, it always falls towards the center of earth. This implies that since gravitation is a force wave and produces a force field as it can influence objects in neighboring space. But since the atomic mass has no means, nor power, to generate waves at the speed of light, then such source of power somehow must have an extra-terrestrial origin, which then interact with the mass or energy within the atoms. If that's the phenomenon on earth, then such spatial energy must be a waveform force, which acts on every point and direction on the spherical surface of earth, and be strong enough to penetrate the diameter, or at least the radius of earth.       

(5) Gravitation and electromagnetic forces are the only pair of partners in symmetry, whose energies cause cosmological contraction and expansion. They are so strong that they can shift the entire universe in expansion, yet normally we are quite oblivious of their presence passing through our body. This is entirely because the human is born into a steady program of force environment, which does not exhibit any change during the whole of the human life, in fact, through the whole history of human evolutionary development. So, the human body is not aware of its existence. What we are aware of are strictly the changes in the level of energy around us... For instance, when Galileo experimented gravitation with a ball rolling down a  slope, he was creating a change in the gravitational field, but the steady force that causes cosmological contraction was not measured. Similarly, when a star explodes or a particle accelerator produces X-rays or Gamma rays or just visible lights, the phenomena exhibit a detectable change in nature's energy level, but the existing back ground steady program of energy remains undetected. The reality appears to be that electromagnetic radiation pervade the entire universal space through its capacity of relay and constructive interference, thus homogenizing in every direction (giving a constant speed), because electromagnetic radiation comes from every galaxy in all directions. Besides, since it's so strong that it cause the universe to expand. It must affect the entire mass of earth or other stars or planets, and make them round wherever you see them. This is probably what initiated Einstein to propose the Cosmological Constant, although Einstein's thoughts was based on a Static universe....

(6) The speed of gravitation is said to be the same as the speed of light in vacuum. But there is a lack of evidence as yet. Presumably because the top limiting speed in nature has been deliberately fixed to be the speed of light, so anything that's presently too sensitive to measure is restricted by this supposedly limiting speed. A sensitive device, called Gravimeter, for measuring variations in the Earth's gravitational field is in use. In one form, it consists of a weight suspended from a spring. Variations in gravity cause variations in the extension of the spring. A number of different mechanical and optical schemes have been developed to measure this spring deflection, which in general is very small. Gravimeters have been developed that can detect variations in the Earth's gravitational field as small as one part in 10,000,000. According to field theories of gravitation, the gravitational field itself can oscillate in the same way that an electromagnetic field can. However, the wavelength and frequency of gravitational wave are still not measurable. It is not because gravitation is too weak to measure, but because its wavelength is too small and frequency too high to be measured at present...    

(7) Gravitational attraction is unrelated to the magnetic attraction on earth, because not only earth has its own large magnetic poles, but also because gravitation contains no electrical charge, nor has anything to do with magnetism. Otherwise, gravity would be affected by electromagnetic forces and also any interaction with magnetism would induce some amount of electric charge, but this is not the case... This appears to complicate things as it contradicts the statement in item (1), which relates that somehow the gravitational force has a root linking to electromagnetism... but please read on...    

(8) The output of gravitation waves undoubtedly comes directly from within the mass or the atom, yet free of electrical charge, but the only motion in the atom is the spins and orbits movements of atomic elements, some of which do carry electric charges. The spins and orbital motion of atomic elements have also different values, and such motions of tiny elements alone do not radiate strong energy waves, which can extend huge range and gravitate universal parts. The atom is made of only relatively few components, which are being dismantled and closely studied with biggest machines on earth. If there are any vibratory mechanisms within the atom that can produce gravitation waves or gravitation field, they would have been known already. Therefore, there must be some external sources of vibrations and energies, yet much too fast to be measured, that cause the atom or the mass to vibrate and generate gravitation waves, which then radiate from within the mass, yet without electric and magnetic properties and polarities. This probably is the single reason that makes the origin of gravitation difficult to explain and understand through the centuries.            

In view of the above considerations, it' no wonder that despite centuries of the combined human efforts to crack the mystery, the origin of gravitation still holds on to its well guarded secrets. My own deduction is that since the strength of gravitation is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of distance between masses, therefore it is mass orientated, i.e., it's energy originates from the atomic mass, but all mass or planets use a great deal of energies in maintaining their atomic chemical and physical activities, including radiations, such energies are not inexhaustible. If they don't get additional energy from external sources, the atoms would slowly use up their energies, and lose its ability to function normally, eventually even gravitational waves would decrease or cease to vibrate.  In that case, there would be huge numbers of dead planets floating in space, void of energy to interact with other cosmological events. Of course, this does not happen, because despite all sorts of interaction gravitation is still working. This is because some external energy has penetrated their mass. There are always certain cosmic particles, such as x-rays, or gamma rays and more, that can penetrate matters. In fact, Neutrinos can penetrate the entire body of a planet. In other words, atomic activities are maintained and influenced by the total of both internal atomic and external cosmic energies.    

X-rays can penetrate through many materials. Yet, Gamma rays have much stronger penetrating power, it is often used to detect cracks in large metal castings. Gamma Rays have wavelengths ranging from 1x10^-13 to 5x10^-12 meters and frequency ranging from 6x10¹⁹ to 3x10²¹ Hertz, but they are not the strongest. The spectrum of electromagnetic waves is a continuous spectrum, the range of which covers very large waves all the way down to theoretically zero wavelength. Somewhere in the center of all galaxies come electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths much shorter than those of Gamma Rays (read Page # 6) Where and how are cosmic waves (electromagnetic) created? ). There is still a huge range of rays existing between the measured shortest wavelength in the gamma ray spectrum and the theoretical zero wavelength. They are the strongest of all electromagnetic waves, and are presently loosely termed in this website as "Extreme Galactic Rays" or EGR (Please click read Definition of EGR) 

The range of Extreme Galactic Rays is the top end of the electromagnetic spectrum, and is in itself an extremely tightly squeezed but huge spectrum of ultra short waves, whose strength contribute much to shift the entire universe in expansion. We are only aware of the solar cosmic rays because of the small difference in earth's orbit around the sun, which gives us the changes of seasonal temperatures, but we are completely oblivious of the top end of the spectrum of galactic electromagnetic radiations that are powerful enough to expand the universe, because to the humans they never change and we have evolved since the beginning of human existence under such strong but unchanging environment of electromagnetic radiations. Even the Sun emits billions of Neutrinos that pass through our body every second, yet completely without our knowledge.  These neutrinos can pass through the entire body of the earth... Yet it is said that neutrinos probable could have some tiny weight, while the photon is entirely weightless, therefore, some of the smallest Extreme Galactic Rays or particles (point like or near point like) emitted by the galaxies should easily pass through the body of earth. However, unlike neutrino, which is supposedly neutral, the electromagnetic rays do carry electric charge and can interact with atomic charges and cause vibrations or spins within the atom...   

All electromagnetic radiations can interfere with each other and maintain a constant speed. When a visible light passes through glass, it loses some energies by warming up the glass, but as soon as it leaves the glass it regains its energy by constructive interference with other light waves and quickly regain its constant speed. This is how galactic light can be seen by our telescope 13 billion light years away. Similarly, the incoming galactic waves shorter than gamma rays (Extreme Galactic Rays) can also relay and interfere themselves. They are all around our earth because they are the most powerful radiations that come from galaxies in all directions. When we notice a burst of x-ray or gamma ray energy from a distant Quesar or a star, it is because we have noticed a change of energy level in that region of the universe, but the permanently unchanging level of energy under which our body develops, we are quite unaware of...     

We know that in electromagnetic waves, the strength of penetration is directly proportional to the frequency (and inversely proportional to the wavelength). The shortest waves with the highest frequencies come from the very center of the galaxies. These ultra high frequency waves not only are powerful enough to push the universe apart in acceleration, giving the phenomenon of Accelerating Universe, they also communicate and unify the universe together. There should be no doubt that such extremely powerful electromagnetic radiations with wavelength closer to zero, i.e. the Extreme Galactic Rays, having absolutely no mass, can easily pass through the earth, like Neutrinos, or even any bigger stellar bodies,.  It is these ultra short electromagnetic waves that cause the 3 quarks of the Baryon and the 2 Quarks in the Meson to vibrate with them.  The Gluons being a stretchable compressible spring like force carrier between the quarks would cause elastic vibrations in response, thus inducing resonation with such extreme frequencies of the electromagnetic waves (Extreme Galactic Rays) that are invading them. 

Left Fig:- This is a Meson, e.g. a Neutral Kaon, which acts with Weak nuclear force and can results in Beta Decay. Meson has 2 Quarks with opposing color charges. 

Consequently the Meson would be influenced to vibrate with the Weak nuclear force and shake loose some of the mass bondage. This is probably because in subatomic particles physics, during Weak Interaction, both Parity and Charge Conjugation symmetries are not separately conserved, causing Beta Decay, an important discovery by Yang Chen-Ning and Lee Tsung-Dao for which the two scientists were awarded Nobel Award in 1957. Anyway, because the electromagnetic waves coming from the center of galaxies have the highest vibratory frequency and with the highest penetrating power, the result is an absolutely precise decay of bondage, e.g. the Beta Decay, unaffected by lower frequency rays, and therefore the rate of decay is very precise and predictable. This enables archeologists to measure old relics using Carbon 14 (₁₄C) decay or the half-life of different radioactive materials such as Thorium-230, part of the uranium-238 decay series. Protactinium-231, derived from uranium-235 (Note:- Radiocarbon has a half-life of 5730 years, Thorium-30 ha a half-life of 80,000 years and Protactinium has a half-life of 34,000years). The reason that Carbon 14 method is extremely accurate and dependable is because galactic Extreme Galactic Rays (the rays from the center of galaxies) have the highest frequency.  

Meanwhile, the same thing is happening to the Baryons, the carriers of Strong Nuclear Force, e.g. Proton or Neutron, but unlike the Weak Interaction Beta decay, the Strong Nuclear Force does conserve symmetry in Parity and Charge Conjugation, and the Baryons cannot decay. Only its 3 quarks with their Gluons and color charges would in turn vibrate with the Strong Nuclear Force (Gluons are the carriers of both Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces). Also because the Strong force is very strong (about 100 times stronger than electromagnetic force acting on the quarks), and its job is the bondage or attraction of the atomic nucleus.... 

Left Fig:- This is a Baryon (e.g. a Proton or a Neutron) containing 3 Quarks, with 3 different color charge, and in between are the spring like force carrier Gluons. 

Therefore, when bombarded by the most extreme high frequency of electromagnetic waves coming from the center galaxy, the Gluons of Strong Nuclear Force are strong but elastic would try to bind back the 3 Quarks (Nuclei) together, despite the tremendous stretching and compressing vibrations caused by the disturbance of the extra strong electromagnetic waves, which now invade the nuclei of the baryon. The result is an  induction of  a reactive but non-destructive vibrations, the gravitational waves. Such resultant vibrations also give off a pure energy wave, a wave of weightless gravitons. Such induced or resultant graviton wave, being weightless and of correspondingly extreme frequency as the incidental radiations from  the center of galaxies, is also capable of extreme penetration....

Let's repeat. The consequence of this phenomenon is the creation of a strong gravitational field with waves in response with extreme frequencies of the interfering electromagnetic waves (the incidental Extreme Galactic Rays) coming from the center of galaxies, in fact from all directions of cosmic space. It means that the Strong nuclear force resonates with cosmic bombardment, and is now producing the elastic gluon vibrations, which give off the gravitational waves. These gravitational waves form gravitational field with correspondingly high frequency, but retaining the original characteristic of bondage, which is what Strong Nuclear Force does. Such strong spring like wave energy would propagate and transmit energy of attraction from the atomic nuclei towards the source of incoming force of disturbance, i.e. the galactic radiations from every direction (there are galaxies in every conceivable direction), thus making the combined energy appearing as if the induced gravitational waves have originated from the center of mass...  Anyhow, the future discovery of the exact frequency of gravitation will help to identify the corresponding range of frequency of incidental galactic energy waves, because such strong energy waves possessing such high frequency could only have originated from the galactic centers, and the only responding energy within the mass could only be the Strong Nuclear Force, which is the force that binds the atomic nuclei. 

In short, the gravitational wave is in fact a wave of Strong Nuclear Force (or vibration of Gluons), a resultant wave induced by the bombarding electromagnetic waves originating from center of galaxies. This is the only possible explanation, since there is nothing within the atomic nuclei that could possibly generate by itself a wave energy with nature of attraction, which has such long range and extreme frequency, yet without the properties of electromagnetism. An external incidental energy wave is absolutely necessary to generate an internal energy wave of attraction with such cosmological consequence, which is proportional to the mass and inversely proportional to the square of distance. It also makes sense why the origin of gravitation is not explained for so long, because the actions at the galaxies that produce the electromagnetic waves have to be thoroughly explained first. In fact, the explanation of the origin and creation of electromagnetic waves at the galactic center (with the highest frequency and strongest wave energy) not only explains the reason for the accelerating universe and the unification of  the universe [Please read 25) The unification of universe. ], but also for the origin of quantum waves or quantum phenomena. And such explanation requires the illustration of a force field symmetry at the galactic center, which I call "Miracle-12" 

[Note:  Because the phenomenon of force field symmetry at the galactic center discussed in this website is new, I have named it “Miracle12”. The electromagnetic waves generated at the extreme center of this field symmetry field are of the highest frequency and strength in each galaxy, so I call it “Extreme Galactic Rays”. Such Extreme Galactic Rays are not only of the highest frequency and strength in the galaxies but also in the entire universe. They are the strongest energy that push galaxies away from each other, giving the phenomenon of universal expansion in acceleration. Also by constructive interference theses waves combine to communicate and unify the entire universe. As a result they affect every element of mass in the universe, and yet their strength and frequencies remain constant because more and more stellar masses are moved to the galactic center, where they are converted into pure electromagnetic energy waves. That’s why gravitation never weakens.

When such Extreme Galactic Rays hit masses in the universe, two things happen within the mass. Firstly, it produces decay in atomic bondage (the Weak nuclear bonding force), and the results are such as Beta Decay and Carbon 14 radiations. Because their frequencies and strength are unaffected by lower frequency waves, the rate of decay is extremely constant. Secondly, it vibrates with the Strong nuclear bonding force, but the Strong Force will not give up and cause decay. As a result a secondary wave is produced, i.e., the gravitational wave, in response to the primary Extreme Galactic Rays. Now the gravitational wave has also constant and extremely high frequency because its primary wave is of extreme frequency and unaffected by any other lower frequency waves. However, gravitational wave has very weak magnitudes because it is only a secondary vibratory wave, taken from the Strong Nuclear Force. Gravitation is weak but has long reach and the long reach comes from its extreme of frequency. Unfortunately, also because all these waves are of extreme frequencies they becomes extremely difficult for the present day instruments to measure.

Someday sciences will advanced to the level when those frequencies of the Extreme Galactic Rays become measurable by instruments. Perhaps with those resultant knowledge scientists would be able to discover the effective means to use nature’s own energies to decompose the inorganic materials and recompose them into organic substance in a big way, so that human science may alter the properties of nature also in a big way, and so allowing the human to live on Mars or any suitable planets as he pleases. Meanwhile, if the minute difference of micro electromagnetic charges between the human body parts and atmospheric charges can be finely measured, then medical science would enter a new age and humans could live much happier and longer.

This is all because electromagnetic waves or quantum electromagnetic waves are not only the life giving energies and prime moving force of the universe, but also the life giving energies to all living beings… Perhaps you would ask "Is this pure imagination?" I don’t think so! It is in fact the only inevitable scientific analysis and explanation for life and for cosmological phenomena! But, can this be achieved within this century? I think why not? Because there is only one step to go! Just find figure out a way to measure those extreme frequencies!... ]

Let's get back to gravitation (but forgive me for the windiness!). These waves induced from the spring like vibrations of gluons are therefore our gravitational force in waves, which vibrate in synchronization with the undetected ultra short and strong electromagnetic radiations from all galaxies. These electromagnetic wave radiations reach out and govern every corner of the universe. By Constructive Interference they vibrate or propagate in complete unison in all mass vicinities. The strength of the top range Extreme Galactic Rays penetrate vibrate with Gluons of the Strong Nuclear Force in all stellar bodies n resonation. Each single mass nuclei then send out waves (Gravitation) calling other masses (nuclei) to resonate and join the orchestration with it, but of course only the range Extreme Galactic Rays are strong enough to cause vibration in Strong Nuclear Force, giving off waves (gravitation) of attraction. There are two reasons why gravitational waves are not measured. Firstly, all galaxies generate the same spectrum of electromagnetic waves at all times from the same dynamic symmetry, Miracle-12. These waves are the underlying vibrating energies that never change. They are the permanent  unchanging background life force with such high frequency that still are not detected. Gravitational waves are too weak and the frequencies are too high to be measured yet. 

However, all energy waves in nature must be created into waves first. Masses and energies in nature do not make a beautiful spectrum of wave by  themselves. Normally an agitation in nature can start a vibration with certain frequencies, but not the whole continuous spectrum. In the phenomena of explosion there are no internal mechanics that could orderly arrange energies into a consecutive spectral waves.  Therefore, energy wave spectrums are created by none other than a force field symmetry, just like electric waves are created in the magnetic field symmetry of the electric generator. However, nature has only two energies in waves that can cause enormous cosmological consequences, namely electromagnetic and gravitational waves. But only electromagnetic waves can be identified to be the product of galactic symmetry, this leaves the only possibility that gravitational waves are the product or by product of electromagnetic waves, especially if one adds in the following considerations...    

1) Gravitation is a wave energy and carries Field effect. 2) Only gravitation and electromagnetic waves both have cosmological consequences. 3) Although gravitation is the force of attraction, it is not magnetic and unaffected by magnetism. 4) Gravitation is very weak indeed. 5) Gravitation has ultra high frequency that so far is still too high to be measured. The higher the frequency be, the higher the penetration becomes.  6) Despite its weak strength, gravitation has almost or seemingly infinite range. This is because in every vicinity of mass, there are cosmic electromagnetic waves, and because gravitational waves can reinforce and blend themselves in constructive interference. 7) There is nothing within the mass that can possibly create a wave energy, i.e., gravitational wave, with such long reach, high frequency and un-diminishing energy. Therefore, there must be an external energy that cause the wave or vibration. 8) Gravitation is proportional to amount of mass. 9) Therefore, gravitation must be an attractive force that originate out of each and every atomic mass in the universe, which means the external incidental wave energy must be of highest frequency and highest penetration in order to affect every atomic mass. 10) The Extreme Galactic Rays (those from the center of galaxy) is such a permanent unchanging wave energy (being continuously replenished by mass turning into energy at the galactic centers) strong enough to affect all atomic mass, since it is the energy not only far reaching enough to unify the universe, but also strong enough to expand the universe in acceleration. Hence it follows that it is electromagnetic wave from the galactic center (with the highest frequencies) that interacts with the mass, it then produces another permanent unchanging wave in resonance, i.e., the gravitational wave. Due to the extreme high frequencies, both of them cannot yet be detected by conventional means... Of course, although the idea here is very rough and much more research is needed, but other than described vibration of Strong Force, it is  rather impossible to find within the mass another energy of waves with properties of attraction, yet unaffected by magnetism, that satisfies all the above criterions.. 

This reflects the long suspected link between gravitation and electromagnetism, only what is not suspected is the source of electromagnetic energy should originate from the galaxies. Thus the strongest force within the atom is the Strong force and the strongest cosmic force in transmission is the top range of electromagnetic radiations, namely the Extreme Galactic Rays, which possess extremely ultra short wavelengths and the greatest penetrating power. The interaction of the two strongest forces, i.e., Extreme Galactic Rays and Strong Nuclear Force, in nature at extremely high frequency produces gravitational force also at extremely steady but ultra-high frequency. To understand that, it is necessary to explain why the spectrum of electromagnetic radiations is a seamlessly continuous range of force in waves, and where in nature is the smooth spectrum created. This was what inspired the writer to ponder over the structure of universe for more than 20 years, and have traveled to the States to speak about it a couple of times in the early 90s, as well as to publish a small book with the same name as this web-domain.... 

(Note:- The Weak nuclear force, being weaker, would release some radiations in correspondingly high frequencies, unaffected by other lower frequency waves around. Such release of radiation are responsible for the very accurate rates of radioactive decay, called "Half Life" in different material, e.g. 5730 years for Carbon-14 and 4.5 billion years for Uranium-238, etc., etc... The steady rates of radioactive decays of different materials are used for estimating the age for ancient animal bones or age of earth rocks, etc..  Meanwhile, the Gluons of the Baryon within the Strong Nuclear Force group would also vibrate in response to the pulses of ultrahigh frequency cosmic electromagnetic radiation, producing gravitational waves. I have postulate this hypothesis because the Gluons belonging to Strong Force is the only group of forces that have the properties of attraction, but without electric charge. Also because the Strong Force is by far the strongest binding force within the atom, if the Gluon's elasticity is forced to vibrate by the strongest Extreme Galactic Rays at extremely high frequency, a resultant wave may be produced proportional to the mass with property of attraction, which resembles the property of gravitational waves. Besides, when the strongest Extreme Galactic Ray's vibrations (stronger than Gamma Rays) hit the mass, it's reasonable to predict that they would induce secondary vibrations with some component forces of the mass. At any rate, there is no other elementary components within the atom that carry more appropriate properties (if any, they would have been found already), but of course all these postulates above require further experimental proof.... )         

In a nutshell, gravitational force is therefore directly part of the Strong Nuclear Force in the atom and is "Color Charge" orientated, that's why it has no electrical nor magnetic orientation. Perhaps future instruments designed to measure the Strong Nuclear Force or the "Color Charges" might yield more information in this connection. This also explains why gravity or gravitation, unlike electricity or magnetism, has no polar symmetry. What's more, because the strong but resilient spring action of Gluons, which carries the Strong force 100 times more powerful than normal electromagnetic force, must require the extra strong galactic electromagnetic radiations (Extreme Galactic Rays) to vibrate a small part of the Gluon or the Strong Nuclear Force into responding vibrations, using the forces of electromagnetic waves, therefore, this phenomenon reflects the feeble magnitude but long range nature of gravitation. Other reasons for the long reach of gravitation are its ultra high frequency, because for all wave energies, the shorter the wavelength is, or the higher the frequency becomes, the stronger and farther will be its reach. Thus the primary vibratory waves must be the ultra short Extreme Galactic Rays (shorter than gamma rays), which cause the Gluons or Strong force to vibrate in response. My guess is that frequency of said Extreme Galactic Rays and the corresponding gravitational waves is in the range of 10³⁵ Hertz and above. The difficulty in detecting gravitational waves appears not to lie in the weakness of its magnitude (see subsection #6 above), but in the extreme short wavelengths and ultra high frequencies of gravitation or the Gluons or Strong force vibrations. 

In short, only the extreme strength of Extreme Galactic Rays can cause the Weak Nuclear Force to release a tiny bit of its energy from nuclear bondage, causing radioactive decay, and only the extreme of frequency can produce such accurate and dependable result in measuring the phenomenon of Carbon-14 radiation and other half-life in radioactive materials. Similarly, only such extreme strength and frequency can vibrate the greatest atomic binding force in the universe, namely the Strong Nuclear Force, that makes the mountains, planets and stars what they are. Yet, because some materials, such as Plutonium and Uranium, whose nuclear bondages are more readily released, that they are used for bombs or for power generation. This also shows that when planets and stars are spiraled into the center of galaxies, they are crashed and readily converted into pure energy. Then from somewhere near the extreme galactic center they are pulsed into photon waves (electromagnetic radiations) by the force field symmetry, and forced out into space through the area of least resistance, namely the galactic polar axis. That's why the photon has no weight. Meanwhile, because the release of nuclear bonding energy at the center of galaxy  is so strong, that's why the extreme range of electromagnetic radiations (Extreme Galactic Rays) are so strong. And because the release of photon energy is so strong and abundant, that's why they are able to move the entire observable universe in acceleration. Nature is balanced between the two extreme powers, i.e. the internal nuclear binding forces and the external emissive energy in waves. Any slight imbalance of energy would cause the universe to evolve huge fluctuations in portions, and therefore continuous regenerations and evolutions.              

Also because over 99% of atomic weight is concentrated in the atomic nuclei where the baryons, i.e. Proton and Neutron, respond with the Strong nuclear force, and because the ultra short electromagnetic waves penetrate the entire mass (like earth body), the outcome is a gravitational force proportional to the mass (or mass of earth). Only the strongest Extreme Galactic Rays can cause the Gluons to stretch and vibrate, and only the strongest or shortest rays can reach the entire mass (or mass of earth). Besides, unlike Neutrinos, which is neutral, the particles of Extreme Galactic Rays do carry electromagnetism and can cause vibrations not only with the Strong force but also with electromagnetic energies within the atom and produce spins. However, like all waves, or all force "fields", the gravitational waves do obey the Inverse Square Law. Consequently, the gravitation wave is in fact a wave or a product of Strong Nuclear Force vibrations, which creates a field and retains its intrinsic binding nature and tries to attract every atomic nuclei within its long reach both inside and outside the atom. It would appear that gravitation attracts every nearby mass.  

Meanwhile, this also shows that not all energies converted from mass by the galaxies are used to expand the universe. Some of which go back into the atoms, which help to sustain and prolong atomic activities (keep the star lights shining, so to speak!), including the creation of gravitation, so that atoms do not lose and exhaust energy, otherwise there would be dead stars or Dark Matters everywhere. It also indicates that the internal energies of smaller planets are to some extent trapped within the hardened planetary shell, but their cores remain hot and molten, but the large stars cannot cool down to form hardened shell. That's why practically all stars are shining. As to the great majority of dark matters, which is said to exist but not many are found in the universe, this is because in the theory of Regenerating Universe each galaxy exerts radiations on its neighbour so the stars at the rim of galaxies cannot fly off into space, therefore, the large quantity of Dark Matter is not required to hold the stars back  ... 

The above theory on the creation of gravity is viewed from within the quantum physics, i.e. the microscopic level. This theory can actually be confirmed by looking also from a macroscopic perspective. Well, gravitation may be feeble as far as its force of attraction is concerned, but its ability to maintain extreme frequency and extreme reach require energy. Also its ability to combine atoms into mass as well as its power to gravitate the planetary and galactic systems together make it one of the most powerful energy in the universe. Both the expansion and gravitation of the universe require tremendous energies. In fact, these two energies, which shift the entire universe in motion, are the greatest energies there exist. There is only one source that could possibly produce and supply such energies. This is possible only by total conversion of planetary mass into energy, and such total conversion can only take place at the center of galaxies. This is where the strongest energy supply exists and the transmissible wave formation is generated. This is also the shortest and strongest waves are emitted to all Portions of the Universe. 

Now having identified the main source of power and that gravitation is a wave energy unrelated to magnetism, the next thing to do is to find the internal mechanism inside the mass that could convert the incoming galactic waves into reactive and responding gravitational waves within the mass, because such a colossal amount of energy that can gravitate the universal parts must have a continuous supply at all times. No energies could simply grow out of something indefinitely and forever without replenishing. If gravitation were an energy intrinsically belonging to the mass alone, then such energy would run out of power and in that case many of the galaxies and planetary systems would have been observed to have already fallen apart, or in the process of doing so. This is obviously not the case. Therefore, there must exist an external energy supply and the biggest energy supplies available are those continuously converted from mass and emitted from galactic centers. In this scenario, only masses at the center of galaxies are converted and the rest of planetary bodies far way from the galactic center are not affected (No fear yet! We are situated about 3/4 the radius from the center to the rim of the disc of Milky Way). Meanwhile, because gravitation is known to be mass dependent and unrelated to magnetism, but there are no other elements or components of the atom that has such a strong bonding property, other than the Strong Nuclear Forces, to interact with the extreme comic waves and produce a corresponding wave of attraction or gravitation, which is proportional to mass and unrelated to magnetism. Therefore, there is no other alternatives except what's described above. 

This theory therefore contains a theory for all Forces of Interaction. It includes the Grand Unification of three of the 4 Forces as well as the possibility of unification for Theory of Everything of all four forces. In fact, as mass can be converted into energy, in which case the Strong and Weak Forces can be freed or released from the mass, while gravitation is a secondary wave, so nature's 4 Forces can eventually be reduced to Electromagnetic Force only. The universe is therefore fundamentally made of Electricity and Magnetism, which also unifies the universe in repeated regenerations... Gravitation is a wave energy, which must originate out of the mass because it is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to distance, but there is nothing in the mass that could possibly generate an energy wave so strong that can affect other masses at such unbelievable distances. Gravitational waves therefore must be generated by an extremely strong ultra high frequency external energy wave that could conceivably pass through the entire body of earth with ease.  Obviously the only place it could come from is the galactic center. Meanwhile, a theory for the origin of gravitation has not been postulated since the time of Newton, and it's not likely to be done unless the Strong Nuclear Force has something to do with it because no other force inside the mass can have the property of attraction yet free of magnetism. Also because the energy that is massive enough to shift the universe in expansion or contraction are energy in waves. So by combining the colossal galactic electromagnetic waves converted from mass and the Strong Force to make an explanation for the gravitation waves seems to be the only logical way possible... 

Therefore, the postulate of Regenerating Universe, together with the general functions of the universe, has in essence served its purpose in explaining the general structure of our universe. Of course at this stage everything is still only theoretical, but the theory is built entirely on known facts as well as rational and accountable derivations, it is free of logic defying fantasies... Final word:- Let us say that the origin of Gravity is now and hereby explained. However, it can only be explained if the origin of nature's phenomena of waves, or frequencies, or quanta of energies is explained first. This must be the reason why Gravitation has not been explained for so long. This Theory of Regenerating Universe thus explains both origins of Quantum physics and of Gravitation with theories and descriptions in details.             .  

Written by Adam Wen.-Lu Chan 

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